“…The accuracy of the approximate eigenpairs computed by a Rayleigh–Ritz projection on the subspace created by can be improved by repeating the procedure in , using the most recent approximate eigenvectors as the new matrix V to multiply . If direct solvers are used to solve the complex linear systems in , this approach essentially amounts to subspace iteration with the matrix A replaced by ρ ( A ), that is, the FEAST package ; see also other works . It is also possible to consider contour integrals of other rational functions, for example, the scalar function u ∗ ( ζ I − A ) −1 v , with , as proposed in other works .…”