PF-BTS: A Privacy-Aware Fog-enhanced Blockchain-assisted task scheduling

Baniata, Hamza; Anaqreh, Ahmad T.; Kertész, Attila

doi:10.1016/j.ipm.2020.102393

Cited by 81 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The conducted experiments show that the proposed algorithm has noticeable enhancements with respect to privacy, total execution time, and network load. However, the proposed algorithm is a static scheduling algorithm that assumes all tasks have the same arrival time [31].…”

Section: Task Scheduling In the Cloud-fog Computing Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time Task Scheduling Algorithm for IoT-Based Applications in the Cloud–Fog Environment

2022

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IoT applications have become a pillar for enhancing the quality of life. However, the increasing amount of data generated by IoT devices places pressure on the resources of traditional cloud data centers. This prevents cloud data centers from fulfilling the requirements of IoT applications, particularly delay-sensitive applications. Fog computing is a relatively recent computing paradigm that extends cloud resources to the edge of the network. However, task scheduling in this computing paradigm is still a challenge. In this study, a semidynamic real-time task scheduling algorithm is proposed for bag-of-tasks applications in the cloud–fog environment. The proposed scheduling algorithm formulates task scheduling as a permutation-based optimization problem. A modified version of the genetic algorithm is used to provide different permutations for arrived tasks at each scheduling round. Then, the tasks are assigned, in the order defined by the best permutation, to a virtual machine, which has sufficient resources and achieves the minimum expected execution time. A conducted optimality study reveals that the proposed algorithm has a comparative performance with respect to the optimal solution. Additionally, the proposed algorithm is compared with first fit, best fit, the genetic algorithm, and the bees life algorithm in terms of makespan, total execution time, failure rate, average delay time, and elapsed run time. The experimental results show the superiority of the proposed algorithm over the other algorithms. Moreover, the proposed algorithm achieves a good balance between the makespan and the total execution cost and minimizes the task failure rate compared to the other algorithms. Graphical Abstract

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Section: Task Scheduling In the Cloud-fog Computing Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time Task Scheduling Algorithm for IoT-Based Applications in the Cloud–Fog Environment

2022

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“…In recent years, blockchain technology has become increasingly prominent, many scholars believe that this technology has different potential applications in any industry, market, institution or government organization ( Berdik et al., 2021 ). At present, the application domains of blockchain include intelligent social applications ( Esposito et al., 2021 ), intelligent Internet of vehicles transportation ( Oham et al., 2021 ; Khalid et al., 2021 ; Campanile et al., 2021 ), cloud computing and storage ( Li et al., 2020 ; Baniata et al., 2021 ), and terminal storage technology and Internet of things system ( Yu et al., 2021 ; Zhao et al., 2020 ). The application of blockchain traceability mainly focuses on supply chains ( Leng et al., 2019 ; Ahmed & Broek, 2017 ; Queiroz & Fosso Wamba, 2019 ), fake-proof queries of healthcare product safety ( Tanwar et al., 2020 ; Hardin & Kotz, 2021 ), and copyright tracing ( Jing et al., 2021 ).…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Traceability of Infectious Diseases: A Blockchain-Based Approach

Zhu

Zhang

et al. 2021

Information Processing & Management

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“…Specifically, BC nodes perform the tasks that were sent to the BC network by the fog, which originally were requested by task requester end-users. Further, the fog can control the privacy preservation of data and incentivize BC nodes in the form of digital currency, as in Baniata, Anaqreh & Kertesz (2021) . To be specific, BC nodes can be further sub-categorized according to the scenario to be simulated.…”

Section: Bc Architectural Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

FoBSim: an extensible open-source simulation tool for integrated fog-blockchain systems

Baniata¹,

Kertész²

2021

PeerJ Computer Science

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A lot of hard work and years of research are still needed for developing successful Blockchain (BC) applications. Although it is not yet standardized, BC technology was proven as to be an enhancement factor for security, decentralization, and reliability, leading to be successfully implemented in cryptocurrency industries. Fog computing (FC) is one of the recently emerged paradigms that needs to be improved to serve Internet of Things (IoT) environments of the future. As hundreds of projects, ideas, and systems were proposed, one can find a great R&D potential for integrating BC and FC technologies. Examples of organizations contributing to the R&D of these two technologies, and their integration, include Linux, IBM, Google, Microsoft, and others. To validate an integrated Fog-Blockchain protocol or method implementation, before the deployment phase, a suitable and accurate simulation environment is needed. Such validation should save a great deal of costs and efforts on researchers and companies adopting this integration. Current available simulation environments facilitate Fog simulation, or BC simulation, but not both. In this paper, we introduce a Fog-Blockchain simulator, namely FoBSim, with the main goal to ease the experimentation and validation of integrated Fog-Blockchain approaches. According to our proposed workflow of simulation, we implement different Consensus Algorithms (CA), different deployment options of the BC in the FC architecture, and different functionalities of the BC in the simulation. Furthermore, technical details and algorithms on the simulated integration are provided. We validate FoBSim by describing the technologies used within FoBSim, highlighting FoBSim’s novelty compared to the state-of-the-art, discussing the event validity in FoBSim, and providing a clear walk-through validation. Finally, we simulate case studies, then present and analyze the obtained results, where deploying the BC network in the fog layer shows enhanced efficiency in terms of total run time and total storage cost.

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PF-BTS: A Privacy-Aware Fog-enhanced Blockchain-assisted task scheduling

Cited by 81 publications

References 39 publications

Real-Time Task Scheduling Algorithm for IoT-Based Applications in the Cloud–Fog Environment

Real-Time Task Scheduling Algorithm for IoT-Based Applications in the Cloud–Fog Environment

Enhancing Traceability of Infectious Diseases: A Blockchain-Based Approach

FoBSim: an extensible open-source simulation tool for integrated fog-blockchain systems

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