Petrologic and structural controls on geomorphology of prehistoric Tsergo Ri slope failure, Langtang Himal, Nepal

Rock avalanches that travel onto glaciers and related developments, Karakoram Himalaya, Inner Asia

“…Italy, 1771N 3 Porter and Orombelli (1980) Brenva Gl, Italy, 1920Valbusa (1921) Aletsch Gl. 1937Alean (1984, von Poschinger (2002) Schramm et al (1998) sheet of debris (Mudge, 1965;Evans and Degraff, 2002). They result from sudden rock slope failures of large size (N1 million m 3 ) and an initial steep descent sufficient to convert the bedrock mass to thoroughly broken, crushed and pulverized material.…”

Fluvial response to large rock-slope failures: Examples from the Himalayas, the Tien Shan, and the Southern Alps in New Zealand

“…High rates of uplift and extremely seasonal precipitation favour intensive erosion and mass wasting. Location and orientation of rock-slope failures are mainly pre-designed by tectonics and sliding planes parallel to foliation and rock strata (Schramm et al, 1998;Weidinger et al, 2002). Giant rock flow (Cruden and Varnes, 1996) with deep pre-existing joints and fissures has shaped many postglacial mountain flanks.…”

The role of landslides in mountain range evolution

“…Large landslides may exert first-order controls on catchment morphology such as catastrophic divide shifting and sculpting (Ellis et al, 1999;Hasbargen and Paola, 2000;Cruden, 2000); headwater stream truncation and piracy; escarpment retreat (de Berc et al, 2005); or drainage reversal, while small catchments may form in detachment areas of deep-seated bedrock landslides (Hovius et al, 1998;Schramm et al, 1998;Blair, 1999;Fig. 3).…”