Petroleum Systems Analysis of the Eastern Arabian Plate: Chemometrics Based on a Review of the Geochemical Characteristics of Oils in Jurassic – Cenozoic Reservoirs

Abstract

This paper presents the results of an integrated geochemical study of oils in Jurassic – Cenozoic reservoirs in the eastern region of the Arabian Plate. The main objective was to analyze the active petroleum systems at a regional scale across the study area which extends from NE Iraq to SE Oman and includes the entire Persian Gulf. The dataset for the study consisted of more than 500 crude oil samples from 112 oil fields and 11 different reservoir units. This dataset was compiled from both the literature and re‐evaluated geochemical and stable isotope analyses, augmented by new analytical studies. The study documents regional variations and trends in the bulk and molecular properties and stable isotope ratios of the oil samples. Two overall clans and twelve genetic oil families and sub‐families were distinguished using multivariate statistical analysis (chemometrics) based on biomarker parameters. The age, lithology, depositional setting and organic matter type of the respective source rocks for each family/sub‐family was inferred from oil geochemical fingerprints. The results provide insights into the key geological factors that control the number, size and geochemical character of oil fields in the eastern Arabian Plate. The geographical extent of the various oil families was assessed and used to evaluate charge access and to predict migration directions and migration pathways in the study area. The results indicate the value of implementing multivariate statistical analysis on “big data” along with state‐of‐the‐art geological petroleum systems analysis and interpretation of biomarker and oil composition data to investigate complex and extended petroleum systems.

Petroleum Geology of the Cenozoic Succession in the Zagros of Sw Iran: A Sequence Stratigraphic Approach

“…The vast bulk of the Asmari Formation reservoirs rely on the Aptian-Albian Kazhdumi Formation source rock (Bordenave, 2014;Baniasad et al, 2021Baniasad et al, , 2023 whose distribution is the main control on the extent of the Cenozoic play fairway. An important secondary source rock within the Cenozoic section is the late Eocene to early Oligocene portion of the Pabdeh Formation in the Lurestan -Khuzestan Trough (Bordenave, 2014;Baniasad et al, 2021Baniasad et al, , 2023. The richest source horizons demonstrably correspond to the Pg25 and Pg30 lowstands (Fig.…”

“…TMS 11b is the main period of maturation for the key Aptian -Albian Kazhdumi and secondary Paleogene Pabdeh source rocks that together charge the Asmari Formation reservoirs. While the Kazhdumi Formation has long been recognised as the dominant source rock for the Asmari Formation reservoirs, a number of fields contain evidence of mixed oils from Kazhdumi and Paleogene Pabdeh source rocks, with the Kazhdumi-derived component forming the bulk of the accumulations (Bordenave, 2014;Safaei-Farouji et al, 2021Baniasad et al, 2023). Put simply, the Kazhdumi source rock is in the oil window over a wider area than the Pabdeh source facies.…”

Desenvolvimento De Método Multiresíduo Em Gc-MS/MS E Lógica Fuzzy No Estudo De Pahs, Pcbs, Pbdes E Pesticidas Organoclorados E Sua Aplicação Em Sistemas Costeiros Do Brasil

“…O gamacerano esteve presente em quase todas as camadas dos perfis sedimentares, variando de <MQL a 4,09 ng g -1 (média de 1,50 ± 1,21 ng g -1 ) em T18 e de <MQL a 10,2 ng g -1 (média de 3,20 ± 3,04 ng g -1 ) em (TKCSA), atualmente conhecida como Ternium Brasil (Martins, 2020). Outro fato a ser destacado é que a presença de gamacerano está associada a petróleos de origem marinha, que é o caso da maior parte dos petróleos brasileiro, venezuelano e árabe (Baniasad et al, 2023;Barragan, 2012).…”

“…O predemínio de C23 também foi identificado em óleos brasileiros, árabes e venezuelanos (Baniasad et al, 2023). Além disso, assim como visto para outros parâmetros, o aumento observado a partir da década de 1990 está fortemente associado ao aumento da contribuição de COT na composição do sedimento da Baía de Sepetiba.…”