Petroleum Ether-Soluble and Ether-Soluble Constituents of Grape Pomace

Markley, K. S.; Sando, Charles E.; Hendricks, S. B.

doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)74109-4

Cited by 22 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Moreover, oleanolic acid, a lipophilic triterpene, is also one of the characteristic components of grape skin. The wax component of grape skin was found to be made of OA long ago (31). It was reported that the OA contents of the skin hardly changed before and after experimental fermentation of white cultivars (8).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although leptin is known to be a hormone secreted from adipocytes, leptin expression in the liver is related to promotion of insulin sensitivity and improvement of glucose and lipid metabolic disorders (43,44). It is known that Foxo1a induces expression of the G6pc and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (Pck1) genes, which are responsible for the promotion of gluconeogenesis in the liver (31). In this study, expression of Pck1 was slightly suppressed (0.71-and 0.79-fold for OA and PEE, respectively), but that of G6pc was significantly impaired.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Dietary Wine Pomace Extract and Oleanolic Acid on Plasma Lipids in Rats Fed High-Fat Diet and Its DNA Microarray Analysis

Yunoki

Sasaki

Tokuji

et al. 2008

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentration of oleanolic acids (OA) in pomace, a winemaking byproduct, and its influence on the levels of plasma lipids in rats fed a high-fat diet and on hepatic gene expression using DNA microarray analysis in vivo. HPLC analyses of pomace ethanol extract (PEE) revealed a high amount of OA ranging from 4 to 11 g/100 g. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a normal-fat diet (NF group), a high-fat diet with 21% lard (HF group), a high-fat diet with 0.05% OA (OA group, 50 mg/kg/day), or a high-fat diet with 0.45% PEE (PEE group, 450 mg/kg/day). Plasma triacylglycerol and phospholipid concentrations were significantly lower in the OA and PEE groups than in the HF group. The microarray analysis of hepatic mRNA revealed reduced expression levels of lipogenic genes including acetyl-CoA carboxylase and glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, probably resulting from the suppression of transcription factor Srebf1 expression. Gene expression of gluconeogensis and inflammatory cytokines was also down-regulated in the OA and PEE groups, suggesting that administration of OA or PEE could ameliorate obesity-induced insulin resistance, as well as prevent hyperlipidemia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Dietary Wine Pomace Extract and Oleanolic Acid on Plasma Lipids in Rats Fed High-Fat Diet and Its DNA Microarray Analysis

Yunoki

Sasaki

Tokuji

et al. 2008

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…Grape wax itself contains a small amount of hydrocarbons, probably nonacosane and hentriacontane (5). However, the concentration of components in grape wax which gives Rf values similar to that of paraffin oil seems to be very low, obviously not more than 1 to 2% of the grape wax.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food Additive Measurement, Rapid Detection and Determination of Mineral Oil on Dried Fruit by Thin Layer Chromatography

Radler¹,

Grncarevic²

1964

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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A rapid method for the detection and determination of mineral oil on dried grapes, previously dressed with oil to prevent stickiness, is described. The oil is extracted with cold chloroform, then separated and detected by thin layer chromatography. The smallest detectable amount is 0.5 ,ug. of oil on the chromatogram or 0.01 % on the dried fruit. Dried grapes tend to become sticky during storage and transport, mainly because of the harsh mechanical treatment necessary for cleaning and destemming. To avoid this unwanted stickiness, oils are added to the dried

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“…Oleanolic and ursolic acids are sapogenins of widespread occurrence as constituents of the protective coatings of various plant organs. Oleanolic acid is found in grape skins (6), olive leaves, and clove buds; ursolic acid is found as a constituent of the protective coatings of apples (7), pears (4), and cranberries (5). These sapogenins are readily obtained by extraction with suitable solvents from agricultural waste products such as grape, apple, pear, and cranberry pomace resulting during the commercial processing of these fruits.…”

Section: Water-repelling Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%