Petroleum Basins and Hydrocarbon Potential of the Andes of Peru and Bolivia

Zamora, Gonzalo; McClay, Ken; Ramos, Víctor A.

doi:10.1306/aapg117

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…245-220 Ma Mitu Group were deposited within NNW-trending grabens (e.g., Spikings et al, 2016). As mentioned in the introduction of Section 3, early Sub-Andean basin formation during syn-rift Mitu Group deposition was controlled by Paleozoic basement structural inhomogeneities, e.g., resulting in the formation of structural highs, such as the Iquitos arch, that represent sub-parallel, NNW-trending boundaries of basins or sub-basins (e.g., Marañon basin, Figure 2C; Zamora and Gil, 2018). Also, the reader is encouraged to compare the alignment of the Contaya arch with the sub-parallel Famatinian Paracas suture and the Rondonian-San-Ignacio and Sunsás orogenic fronts (Figure 3).…”

Section: Late Paleozoic Gondwanide Orogenic Cycles and Permian-triass...mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Frontiers in Earth Science frontiersin.org fact, the boundaries of sub-Andean basins have been correlated with the structural segmentation of the Andes (e.g., Jacques, 2003). Furthermore, basin formation in the sub-Andes has been ascribed to early Permian-Triassic extension that was accommodated by inherited basement structural inhomogeneities, with major implications for oil and gas potential (e.g., Calderon et al, 2017;Zamora and Gil, 2018). More importantly, however, we must appreciate the mosaic-like distribution of micro-terranes and crustal blocks, and their respective boundaries, along the western South American margin (Figure 2C).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Cryptic trans-lithospheric fault systems at the western margin of South America: implications for the formation and localization of gold-rich deposit superclusters

Wiemer,

Hagemann,

Hayward

et al. 2023

Front. Earth Sci.

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We present a review of frontier research advances in the investigation of cryptic structures that transect the South American Andes at oblique strike directions. The intersections between these cryptic structures and the superimposed Andean belt correlate with the spatial distribution of gold-rich mineral deposit clusters. The deposit clusters can be described as superclusters, as they comprise various gold deposit types that formed at multiple times throughout the Phanerozoic, impinging repeatedly on the structural intersections. However, the cryptic inherited fault structures are difficult to detect, because their deeper-seated roots are often overlain by younger supracrustal successions, and/or their exposed surface manifestations are structurally obscured by subsequent tectonic-magmatic activity. Thus, it also remains a challenge to constrain the nature and timing of formation, and the respective subsequent evolutionary path, of these proposed pre-Andean structures. Based on various case studies, we demonstrate that the localization of identified Phanerozoic gold deposit superclusters along the western South American margin is fundamentally controlled by structural inheritance often dating back to at least the Mesoproterozoic. Integration of multi-approach observations and datasets allows insights into a larger-scale tectonic history that showcases the successive inheritance of major structures originating from the Amazonian Craton, over the Paleozoic Gondwana margin, into the Cenozoic magmatic belts of the Andes, and even into recent fractures within the subducting oceanic Nazca plate, recording >1.2-billion-years of progressive structural inheritance and growth at one of the longest-lived tectonic margins in Earth history. In contrast to previous models of the spatial distribution of gold deposits, based on statistical approaches and spatial periodicity in self-organized systems focusing on single subduction and/or accretion episodes and belts, we propose that the structural inheritance and intersections are key to the localization of gold deposits in the Andes. In combination with bulk-geochemical data from magmatic rocks, we suggest that inherited structures maintained a trans-lithospheric connectivity to pre-fertilized gold enriched upper mantle reservoirs, which were tapped during multiple tectono-magmatic reactivation episodes.

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Section: Late Paleozoic Gondwanide Orogenic Cycles and Permian-triass...mentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptic trans-lithospheric fault systems at the western margin of South America: implications for the formation and localization of gold-rich deposit superclusters

Wiemer,

Hagemann,

Hayward

et al. 2023

Front. Earth Sci.

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“…Significant oil and gas reserves and strategic metals lie in foreland basins (e.g. Biddle et al, 1986; Jaskula, 2020; Kendall et al, 2019; Pindell et al, 2005; Rodriguez et al, 2020; Saura et al, 2015; Verges et al, 2011; Zamora et al, 2018). Some regions display an interplay between foreland basins and backarc basins (Bertello et al, 2010; Doust & Noble, 2008; Escalona & Mann, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continental and island arc segmentation: Implications for retro‐arc and pro‐arc foreland basin and backarc basin geometries and sediment distributions

Martin¹

2023

Terra Nova

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Segmented magmatic arcs create arc‐parallel variable loads and influence associated foreland basins through flexural isostasy along strike, in addition to standard subduction‐perpendicular foredeep/forebulge/backbulge models. Segmentation occurs in both continental and island arcs (Aleutians, Calabria, Japan, Kuril/Kamchatka, Lesser Antilles, Solomon Islands and Sumatra/Java). Some segments have variable gravity anomalies and elastic thicknesses (Te). In standard theory, the load created by an orogenic belt/magmatic arc depresses the lithosphere modelled as a thin elastic plate floating on a fluid mantle substrate, leading to an arc‐perpendicular foredeep, forebulge and backbulge. Arc‐parallel topographic and gravitational features should influence loading along strike in a similar way, resulting in a checkerboard pattern of foredeeps, forebulges and backbulges in both pro‐arc and retro‐arc foreland basins. This pattern exercises profound controls on sediment and facies distribution in a here‐to‐fore un‐envisaged manner, with implications for resource exploration in foreland basins.

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“…Although the current morphology and structure result from a margin compression of converging plates since the Late Cretaceous, the Peruvian and Bolivian margin specifically preserves a rich superposition of deformation events in both compressional and extensional tectonics (Jaillard et al, 2000; Ramos, 2008, 2018; Ramos & Folguera, 2009). The knowledge on the geology of the Central Andes (sensu Gansser, 1973) in Peru and Bolivia advanced through several multidisciplinary studies addressing geodynamic and tectonic issues to purely stratigraphic and sedimentary issues (e.g., Baby et al, 2009; Bicudo et al, 2019; Espurt et al, 2008; Horton, 2018a; Jacques, 2003; Rojas Vera et al, 2019; Zamora et al, 2018). A number of these studies were driven by the search for new petroleum plays in the local basins generically known as sub‐Andean (sensu Armijo et al, 2015; Baby et al, 2018; Boschman, 2021; Suárez et al, 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Acre Basin basement (NW Brazil) and the transition from the intracratonic to retroarc foreland basin system

Oliveira

Vidotti

2022

Basin Research

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The understanding of the crustal transition between orogenic zones and cratonic portions in distal regions of foreland basins has received increasing attention, but the analysis is often hampered by the sedimentary cover. Despite the peculiar location of the Acre Basin, specifically between the Amazonian Craton and the sub-Andean zone, local basement studies are still scarce due to lacking seismic data and exploratory wells. Therefore, this work aims to map basement depths, estimate crustal compositions and identify the main depocenters, structures and limits of Acre Basin using an integrated analysis to understand better the region lithospheric evolution, its relationship with the Amazonian Craton and its positioning within the Andean orogeny. For that, we used well, 2D seismic reflection, airborne and ground gravity and magnetic data as well as the EMG2008. Tilt Depth estimates indicate basement depths between 500 and 7800 m and larger sedimentary thicknesses in the northern portion. Additionally, we modelled groups of potential sources between 0.1 and 22 km and Moho depths between 26 and 37 km.Compositionally, the upper crust consists dominantly of meta-sedimentary and low-grade metamorphic rocks and granites, indicating that the sub-Andean and Acre Basins share a similar basement. Thus, there are indications that the basement of the Acre Basin is essentially formed by the Sunsás province in the Amazonian Craton. However, local differences in basement depth, magnetic susceptibility and exploratory potential led to the subdivision into Divisor and Xapuri sub-basins, north and south of the Fitzcarrald Arch, respectively. Finally, it was possible to establish the limits of the Andean orogeny influence in the Acre Basin and delimit the area of the Western Amazon Foredeep installed during the Neogene.

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Petroleum Basins and Hydrocarbon Potential of the Andes of Peru and Bolivia

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Cryptic trans-lithospheric fault systems at the western margin of South America: implications for the formation and localization of gold-rich deposit superclusters

Cryptic trans-lithospheric fault systems at the western margin of South America: implications for the formation and localization of gold-rich deposit superclusters

Continental and island arc segmentation: Implications for retro‐arc and pro‐arc foreland basin and backarc basin geometries and sediment distributions

The Acre Basin basement (NW Brazil) and the transition from the intracratonic to retroarc foreland basin system

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