Petrography, inorganic and organic geochemistry of Lower Permian carbonaceous fan sequences (“Brandschiefer Series”) — Federal Republic of Germany: Constraints to their paleogeography and assessment of their source rock potential

Dill, Harald G.; Teschner, Manfred; Wehner, H.

doi:10.1016/0009-2541(88)90136-2

Cited by 84 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In most cases, the compounds have been tentatively identified as 3,7-DMAs on the basis of their mass spectral fragmentation (20)(21)(22)(23)(24). However, the mass spectra of dimethyl alkanes are commonly dominated by fragmentation ␣ to the tertiary centers (25).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…j, Black shales, released on kerogen pyrolysis (21). k, Shales (20). l, Gray shale, core Statechester 18. m, Microbial mat facies (23).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…BAQCs have routinely been overlooked in prior analyses of geological samples (19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)35). Thus, it seems likely that their occurrence extends to many other sediment formations and extends further back in time.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Branched aliphatic alkanes with quaternary substituted carbon atoms in modern and ancient geologic samples

Kenig

Simons

Crich

et al. 2003

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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A pseudohomologous series of branched aliphatic alkanes with a quaternary substituted carbon atom (BAQCs, specifically 2,2-dimethylalkanes and 3,3-and 5,5-diethylalkanes) were identified in warm (65°C) deep-sea hydrothermal waters and Late Cretaceous black shales. 5,5-Diethylalkanes were also observed in modern and Holocene marine shelf sediments and in shales spanning the last 800 million years of the geological record. The carbon number distribution of BAQCs indicates a biological origin. These compounds were observed but not identified in previous studies of 2.0 billion-to 2.2 billion-year-old metasediments and were commonly misidentified in other sediment samples, indicating that BAQCs are widespread in the geological record. The source organisms of BAQCs are unknown, but their paleobiogeographic distribution suggests that they have an affinity for sulfides and might be nonphotosynthetic sulfide oxidizers. P rokaryotes in ancient environments usually are detected by microscopy (1, 2) and geochemical evidence (e.g., stable isotope fractionation of carbon and sulfur; ref.3). The fossil record of bacteria and archaea is meager and controversial because of their poor preservation potential (1, 4). However, some lipids have excellent preservation potential and are used to demonstrate the presence of archaea and bacteria in ancient sedimentary environments (2, 5-9). Here we identify branched aliphatic alkanes with quaternary substituted carbon atoms (BAQCs). These compounds, observed in hydrothermal waters at the Ocean Drilling Project (ODP) site 1026B on the flanks of the Juan de Fuca ridge (Northeast Pacific) are natural products and occur in nonhydrothermal sediments ranging in age from modern to at least 2.0 billion to 2.2 billion years (Ga). MethodsField Sampling. Particulate organic material was retrieved from hydrothermal waters by using a combusted glass-fiber filter (142 mm) affixed to a circulation obviation retrofit kit (10) The Cenomanian and Turonian (Late Cretaceous) samples were collected at outcrops along the Bainbridge river in the Pasquia Hills region of easternmost central Saskatchewan, Canada (12). They are thermally immature based on the dominant 17␤,21␤(H) stereochemical configuration of the hopanes. The descriptions of other sediment samples analyzed can be found in the references listed in the Fig. 3 legend. Laboratory Methods. Extraction, separation, and GC-MS were performed as described (13). The filter and sediment samples were Soxhlet-extracted by using dichloromethane and methanol (7.5:1, vol͞vol). The sediment extracts were further separated by column chromatography to obtain a hydrocarbon fraction. Linear alkanes were removed from the hydrocarbon fraction by adduction on US-Y zeolite to obtain a fraction of branched and cyclic hydrocarbons. The total extract and subfractions, as well as authentic standards, were analyzed by GC-MS on a HewlettPackard 6890 gas chromatograph coupled to a Hewlett-Packard 5973 mass selective detector operated in electron ionization mode at 70 eV, scannin...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…j, Black shales, released on kerogen pyrolysis (21). k, Shales (20). l, Gray shale, core Statechester 18. m, Microbial mat facies (23).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Branched aliphatic alkanes with quaternary substituted carbon atoms in modern and ancient geologic samples

Kenig

Simons

Crich

et al. 2003

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…The V/Cr ratio has been used as a paleo-oxygenation indicator in a number of studies. Values of V/Cr >2 are thought to represent anoxic depositional conditions, whereas values below 2 are indicative of more oxidizing conditions (Dill et al, 1988). The studied shales have Cr/V values of <2, which may indicate that all of the studied sediments were deposited under relatively oxidizing conditions.…”

Section: Factors Controlling Chemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Mineralogical and chemical characteristics of Bajocian-Bathonian shales, G. Al-Maghara, North Sinai, Egypt: Climatic and environmental significance.

2003

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Clay mineral assemblages in relation to the chemical characteristics of Bajocian-Bathonian shales at G. Al-Maghara, North Sinai, Egypt, have been determined to infer the climatic conditions and the factors regulating their distribution. Mineralogical analyses using XRD revealed the dominance of kaolinite relative to illite and smectite. Quartz, calcite, goethite, feldspars and plagioclase represent the non-clay minerals encountered. Chemical data reflect the enrichment of chemically immobile elements (Al, Ti, Zr and Sc) and the depletion of mobile elements (Fe, Ca, Na, K and Mg). Major element concentrations reflect the dominant mineralogical composition and the weathering history of the source area. Moreover, the enrichment of trace elements (Sc, Zr and partially Cr) could be attributed to the source rock chemistry and its weathering history. High values of the Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA) (Al 2 O 3 /(Al 2 O 3 + CaO + K 2 O + Na 2 O) × 100) were found. The high proportion of kaolinite associated with the enrichments of immobile particularly major elements (Al and Ti) and the high values of CIA suggest intensive chemical weathering of the source rock under tropical to subtropical humid climatic conditions. The abundance of kaolinite relative to smectite was also influenced by hydraulic sorting and relative sea level changes.

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“…Thus, the observed low U/Th ratio and low authigenic U content both show that the Kamlial sediments were deposited in an oxic environment. The V/Cr ratio has also been used as an index of paleoxygenation in many studies (Bjorlykke, 1974;Dill et al, 1988). Vanadium may be bound to organic matter by the incorporation of V 4+ into porphyrins, which is generally found in sediments deposited in reducing environments (Shaw et al, 1990).…”

Section: Conditions During Sediment Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Petrography and geochemistry of the Kamlial Formation, southwestern Kohat plateau, Pakistan: implications for paleoclimate of the Western Himalayas

Ullah¹,

Arif²,

Shah³

2015

Turkish J Earth Sci

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Bahadar Khel anticline. The last three structures, i.e. the Chashmai anticline (33°06´34˝N, 70°47´77˝E), Banda Assar syncline (33°07´52˝N, 70°55´88˝E), and Bahadar Khel anticline (33°09´79˝N, 70°57´64˝E), were selected for the present investigation (Figure 2). Major structures of the Western HimalayasAlong its strike, the Himalayan orogen is subdivided into Western, Central, and Eastern segments. The last mentioned segment extends into Pakistan (Yin, 2006). The Himalayan tectonic evolution consists of two stages:

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Petrography, inorganic and organic geochemistry of Lower Permian carbonaceous fan sequences (“Brandschiefer Series”) — Federal Republic of Germany: Constraints to their paleogeography and assessment of their source rock potential

Cited by 84 publications

References 18 publications

Branched aliphatic alkanes with quaternary substituted carbon atoms in modern and ancient geologic samples

Branched aliphatic alkanes with quaternary substituted carbon atoms in modern and ancient geologic samples

Mineralogical and chemical characteristics of Bajocian-Bathonian shales, G. Al-Maghara, North Sinai, Egypt: Climatic and environmental significance.

Petrography and geochemistry of the Kamlial Formation, southwestern Kohat plateau, Pakistan: implications for paleoclimate of the Western Himalayas

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