Petrography and characterization of microbial carbonates and associated facies from modern Great Salt Lake and Uinta Basin's Eocene Green River Formation in Utah, USA

Chidsey, Thomas C.; Berg, Michael D. Vanden; Eby, David E.

doi:10.1144/sp418.6

Cited by 49 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…They have, in general, never been buried and (early) diagenetic processes have been carefully addressed in literature or are under investigation. Eardley (1938), Sandberg (1975), Currey and James (1982), Spencer et al (1984), Currey and Oviatt (1985), Pedone and Dickson (2000), Chidsey et al (2015), Bouton et al (2016aBouton et al ( , 2016b, Pace et al (2016), Lindsay et al (2017) Ries Crater lake (South Germany)…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

What do we really know about early diagenesis of non-marine carbonates?

Boever

Brasier

Foubert

et al. 2017

Sedimentary Geology

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Non-marine carbonate rocks including cave, spring, stream, calcrete and lacustrine-palustrine sediments, are susceptible to early diagenetic processes. These can profoundly alter the carbonate fabric and affect paleoclimatic proxies. This review integrates recent insights into diagenesis of non-marine carbonates and in particular the variety of early diagenetic processes, and presents a conceptual framework to address them. With ability to study at smaller and smaller scales, down to nanometers, one can now observe diagenesis taking place the moment initial precipitates have formed, and continuing thereafter. Diagenesis may affect whole rocks, but it typically starts in nano-and micro-environments. The potential for diagenetic alteration depends on the reactivity of the initial precipitate, commonly being metastable phases like vaterite, Ca-oxalates, hydrous Mg-carbonates and aragonite with regard to the ambient fluid. Furthermore, organic compounds commonly play a crucial role in hosting these early transformations. Processes like neomorphism (inversion and recrystallization), cementation and replacement generally result in an overall coarsening of the fabric and homogenization of the wide range of complex, primary microtextures. If early diagenetic modifications are completed in a short time span compared to the (annual to millennial) time scale of interest, then recorded paleoenvironmental signals and trends could still acceptably reflect original, depositional conditions. However, even compact, non-marine carbonate deposits may behave locally and temporarily as open systems to crystal-fluid exchange and overprinting of one or more geochemical proxies is not unexpected. Looking to the future, relatively few studies have examined the behaviour of promising geochemical records, such as clumped isotope thermometry and (non-conventional) stable isotopes, in well-constrained diagenetic settings. Ongoing and future in-vitro and in-situ experimental approaches will help to investigate and detangle sequences of intermediate, diagenetic products, processes and controls, and to quantify rates of early diagenesis, bridging a gap between nanoscale, molecular lab studies and the fossil field rock record of non-marine carbonates.

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Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

What do we really know about early diagenesis of non-marine carbonates?

Boever

Brasier

Foubert

et al. 2017

Sedimentary Geology

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“…A bioherm forms the reservoir for a productive hydrocarbon reservoir. Chidsey et al (2015) and Vanden Berg et al (2013) also focus on the microbial carbonates of the Green River Fm from outcrop, a recent 300 m core and cores from the producing West Willow Creek oilfield that produces from a bioherm within the lower Green River Fm. These are compared with the present day facies of the nearby Great Salt Lake.…”

Section: Cenozoicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial carbonates in space and time: introduction

Bosence

Gibbons²,

Heron

et al. 2015

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“…), results in salinities that range from saturation in the NA (270–300 g/L, ~24–31%) to lower salinities in the SA (140–150 g/L, ~11–14%; Chidsey et al. , Lindsay et al. ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of salinity on microbialite‐associated production in Great Salt Lake, Utah

Lindsay

Johnston

Baxter

et al. 2019

Ecology

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Microbialites, organosedimentary carbonate structures, cover approximately 20% of the basin floor in the south arm of Great Salt Lake, which ranges from ~12 to 15% salinity. Photosynthetic microbial mats associated with these benthic mounds contribute biomass that supports secondary production in the ecosystem, including that of the brine shrimp, Artemia franciscana. However, the effects of predicted increases in the salinity of the lake on the productivity and composition of these mats and on A. franciscana fecundity is not well documented. In the present study, we applied molecular and microcosm‐based approaches to investigate the effects of changing salinity on (1) the primary productivity, abundance, and composition of microbialite‐associated mats of GSL, and (2) the fecundity and survivability of the secondary consumer, A. franciscana. When compared to microcosms incubated closest to the in situ measured salinity of 15.6%, the abundance of 16S rRNA gene templates increased in microcosms with lower salinities and decreased in those with higher salinities following a 7‐week incubation period. The abundance of 16S rRNA gene sequences affiliated with dominant primary producers, including the cyanobacterium Euhalothece and the diatom Navicula, increased in microcosms incubated at decreased salinity, but decreased in microcosms incubated at increased salinity. Increased salinity also decreased the rate of primary production in microcosm assays containing mats incubated for 7 weeks and decreased the number of A. franciscana cysts that hatched and survived. These results indicate that an increase in the salinity of GSL is likely to have a negative impact on the productivity of microbialite communities and the fecundity and survivability of A. franciscana. These observations suggest that a sustained increase in the salinity of GSL and the effects this has on primary and secondary production could have an upward and negative cascading effect on higher‐trophic‐level ecological compartments that depend on A. franciscana as a food source, including a number of species of migratory birds.

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Petrography and characterization of microbial carbonates and associated facies from modern Great Salt Lake and Uinta Basin's Eocene Green River Formation in Utah, USA

Cited by 49 publications

References 17 publications

What do we really know about early diagenesis of non-marine carbonates?

What do we really know about early diagenesis of non-marine carbonates?

Microbial carbonates in space and time: introduction

Effects of salinity on microbialite‐associated production in Great Salt Lake, Utah

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