Petrographic, X-ray diffraction, and electron spin resonance analysis of deformed calcite: Meteor Crater, Arizona

Burt, J. B.; Pope, Mike; Watkinson, Anne

doi:10.1111/j.1945-5100.2005.tb00381.x

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Attempts have also been made to quantify shock effects in carbonates using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron spin resonance (ESR) (Polanskey and Ahrens 1994;Skála and Jakeš 1999;Skála et al 2002;Burt et al 2005); however, calibration of the observed effects with respect to shock pressure remains ambiguous so that these methods remain qualitative at present. Recently, the first detailed application of twin analysis in calcite has been used to quantify shock pressures in carbonates from Serpent Mound, USA (Schedl 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact metamorphism of CaCO₃‐bearing sandstones at the Haughton structure, Canada

Osinski

2007

Meteorit & Planetary Scien

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Abstract— Impact‐metamorphosed CaCO3‐bearing sandstones at the Haughton structure have been divided into 6 classes, based to a large extent on a previous classification developed for sandstones at Meteor Crater. Class 1a sandstones (<3 GPa) display crude shatter cones, but no other petrographic indications of shock. At pressures of 3 to 5.5 GPa (class 1b), porosity is destroyed and well‐developed shatter cones occur. Class 2 rocks display planar deformation features (PDFs) and are characterized by a “jigsaw” texture produced by rotation and shear at quartz grain boundaries. Calcite shows an increase in the density of mechanical twins and undergoes micro‐brecciation in class 1 and 2 sandstones. Class 3 samples display multiple sets of PDFs and widespread development of diaplectic glass, toasted quartz, and symplectic intergrowths of quartz, diaplectic glass, and coesite. Textural evidence, such as the intermingling of silicate glasses and calcite and the presence of flow textures, indicates that calcite in class 3 sandstones has undergone melting. This constrains the onset of melting of calcite in the Haughton sandstones to > 10 < 20 GPa. At higher pressures, the original texture of the sandstone is lost, which is associated with major development of vesicular SiO2 glass or lechatelierite. Class 5 rocks (>30 GPa) consist almost entirely of lechatelierite. A new class of shocked sandstones (class 6) consists of SiO2‐rich melt that recrystallized to microcrystalline quartz. Calcite within class 4 to 6 sandstones also underwent melting and is preserved as globules and euhedral crystals within SiO2 phases, demonstrating the importance of impact melting, and not decomposition, in these CaCO3‐bearing sandstones.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact metamorphism of CaCO₃‐bearing sandstones at the Haughton structure, Canada

Osinski

2007

Meteorit & Planetary Scien

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“…It is also known that at these temperatures and pressures, twins in calcite crystals barely contribute to the X-ray peak broadening. [28] In light of these considerations it is reasonable to conclude that an increase in the microstrain fluctuations in biogenic crystals with respect to their geological counterparts is caused by organic macromolecules that are an integral part of these biocomposites. The organic macromolecules produce inhomogeneous deformation fields on a nanometer scale that are "detected" by X-rays.…”

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confidence: 97%

The Microstructure of Biogenic Calcite: A View by High‐Resolution Synchrotron Powder Diffraction

2006

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Biogenic crystals, i.e., crystals produced by living organisms, have attracted a great deal of attention in latter years because of their fascinating microstructures and superior properties. [1][2][3] The interrelation between the microstructure of materials and their properties is a key issue of materials science. Impressive examples of scientific achievements in this field include our ability to control the strength of metals and alloys by annealing-mediated grain size, [4] and bandgap engineering in semiconductor thin film structures by lattice mismatch-mediated interfacial strains. [5] At the same time, unique methods for controlling microstructure and, hence, crystal properties, exist in nature. In fact, organisms can control the polymorphism, [6][7][8] morphology, [9] orientation, and size of crystalline blocks [10] in biogenic crystals by means of organic molecules involved in the biomineralization process. These organic molecules can stabilize an amorphous precursor phase, [11][12][13][14] which might also play an important role in the control of the material properties of the end product. However, not much is yet known about the molecular mechanisms that control the interaction between the organic phase and the growing mineral. In this paper, we shed additional light on these interactions by tracking the microstructure modifications in biogenic calcite after heat treatments at elevated temperatures. Our findings allow us to better understand the microstructure of biocomposites on a nanometer scale, which we believe is of great importance to future design and fabrication of bio-inspired advanced materials. At the end of the 1980s, Berman et al. [15] showed that occluded organic molecules are located within biogenic calcite (CaCO 3 ) crystals and proposed that these intracrystalline molecules reveal chemical recognition to specific atomic planes. The researchers suggested that during biomineralization, the organic macromolecules adhere to specific planes and impede crystal growth in the perpendicular direction, which respectively lowers the size of coherently scattered crystal blocks. [15][16][17] This fact indicates that organisms can also control the preferred orientation (texture) of biogenic crystals. By measuring the "coherent lengths" for X-ray scattering along different directions in biogenic calcite crystals and then comparing these values with those in synthetic calcite, the researchers were able to determine the crystallographic planes on which the organic molecules presumably adhere. However, to date we have practically no information about the specific types of macromolecules, their conformation states, and how exactly they match the mineral structure. Very recently we showed that organisms could control not only the texture, but in some sense the atomic structure of biogenic crystals. Specifically, by using high-resolution X-ray powder diffraction at dedicated synchrotron beam lines, we found anisotropic lattice distortions in mollusk-made aragonite [18] and calcite, [19] as compared to their ...

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“…Structural rearrangements of carbonates are possible, as various polymorphs of a number of carbonate minerals are known, occurring both at ambient conditions (Chang et al, 1998), and at elevated pressures (e.g., Isshiki et al, 2003;Sekine et al, 2006;Ono et al, 2007). Carbonates from impact craters can exhibit peak-broadening in Xray diffraction data, but the cause of this broadening is not well understood (e.g., Burt et al, 2005;Huson et al, 2006). The sensitivity of carbonates to different processes, such as exposure to the Martian surface environment, impact heating and pressures, and tectonic forces is only poorly constrained at present.…”

Section: Article In Pressmentioning

confidence: 97%

Spectral reflectance properties of carbonates from terrestrial analogue environments: Implications for Mars

Cloutis

Grasby

Last

et al. 2010

Planetary and Space Science

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Petrographic, X-ray diffraction, and electron spin resonance analysis of deformed calcite: Meteor Crater, Arizona

Cited by 13 publications

References 17 publications

Impact metamorphism of CaCO₃‐bearing sandstones at the Haughton structure, Canada

Impact metamorphism of CaCO₃‐bearing sandstones at the Haughton structure, Canada

The Microstructure of Biogenic Calcite: A View by High‐Resolution Synchrotron Powder Diffraction

Spectral reflectance properties of carbonates from terrestrial analogue environments: Implications for Mars

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Petrographic, X-ray diffraction, and electron spin resonance analysis of deformed calcite: Meteor Crater, Arizona

Cited by 13 publications

References 17 publications

Impact metamorphism of CaCO3‐bearing sandstones at the Haughton structure, Canada

Impact metamorphism of CaCO3‐bearing sandstones at the Haughton structure, Canada

The Microstructure of Biogenic Calcite: A View by High‐Resolution Synchrotron Powder Diffraction

Spectral reflectance properties of carbonates from terrestrial analogue environments: Implications for Mars

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Impact metamorphism of CaCO₃‐bearing sandstones at the Haughton structure, Canada

Impact metamorphism of CaCO₃‐bearing sandstones at the Haughton structure, Canada