Petrographic and petrophysical characterisation and structural function of the heritage stones in Fuwairit Archaeological Site (NE Qatar): implications for heritage conservation

Freire-Lista, David Martín; Sousa, Luís; Robert, Caroline; imi, Faysal Al-Na

doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2020/0200s12

Cited by 19 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The presence of the clay minerals is also the great problem which affects the durability of the Pietra Serena, as discussed in Fratini et al [44]. Therefore, it is necessary to underline how the petro-physical study of the building stone materials can help to improve the state of the art about the problems of conservation and to establish the more suitable restoration interventions [42][43][44][45][46][47].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pietra Alberese: Building Material and Stone for Lime in the Florentine Territory (Tuscany, Italy)

Fratini¹,

Cantisani²,

Pecchioni

et al. 2020

Heritage

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The PietraAlberese is a marly limestone belonging to the Ligurian series (Monte Morello Formation of Eocene age). It is a material rarely mentioned in the historical Florentine architecture because the Pietraforte, the stone of the Medieval Florence and the Pietra Serena, the stone of the Renaissance, were the main lithotypes commonly used in those periods. Nevertheless, the Pietra Alberese has been widely utilized to build the town, because it is the only limestone cropping out in this part of Tuscany allowing the production of lime. In Prato and Pistoia, the Pietra Alberese was also used as stone (e.g., ashlars) in the structures and façades of many public and religious buildings. In this work, the geological setting and a mineralogical, petrographic and physical characterization of Pietra Alberese used as building stone are proposed together with a discussion about its durability. Moreover, the different compositional and macroscopic characteristics of two lithotypes (namely the sasso alberese and sasso porcino) utilized to produce the two types of lime used in the local traditional architecture (calcina dolce and calcina forte) are highlighted.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pietra Alberese: Building Material and Stone for Lime in the Florentine Territory (Tuscany, Italy)

Fratini¹,

Cantisani²,

Pecchioni

et al. 2020

Heritage

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“…Colour analysis in building materials (Prieto et al 2010;Freire-Lista et al 2021) is an essential analysis for the verification of historical quarries, location of replacement stones (Rozenbaum et al 2008;Graue et al 2011) and evaluation of construction phases. The colour was assessed with an X-Rite colorimeter (model 964), with 45°/0° geometry and specular component included, D65 illuminant and 8 mm aperture.…”

Section: Colourmentioning

confidence: 99%

Building Granite Characterisation, Construction Phases, Mason’s Marks and Glyptography of Nossa Senhora de Guadalupe Church, Mouçós e Lamares, Galicia-North Portugal Euroregion

et al. 2023

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The Romanesque church of Nossa Senhora de Guadalupe of Mouçós e Lamares is located in Vila Real (North of Portugal). The exterior part of its nave is preserved almost unaltered. Most of the granite ashlars and corbels that make up this church have a mason’s mark in the centre of their faces. The building granites (Sanguinhedo and Vale das Gatas) have been identified and characterised petrographically and petrophysically. The mason’s marks have been as well identified; all the ashlars with visible mason’s marks have been mapped, and a glyptographic study has been carried out. In addition, the surface roughness of ashlars was measured. All these analyses have made it possible to locate the main historical quarry, to calculate the number of stonemasons who worked in the construction of the church, and to determine its construction phases. There are eight main types of mason’s marks on the nave façades. The quarrymen extracted the main building granite (Sanguinhedo granite) from the same quarry, or from nearby quarries. Although the most experienced stonemason has been identified, most stonemasons worked as a team during all construction phases of the church. Techniques such as petrography, ultrasonic P wave velocity, colourimetry, roughness and the determination of hydric properties will guarantee the quality and durability of the heritage stone for restorations. In addition, the glyptographic analysis revealed important historical and ethnographic findings that will be very useful for the appreciation of the monument. Therefore, the knowledge of built heritage, such as mason’s marks contribute to the conservation of historical quarries and traditions, as well as help understand the close cultural association societies have had with heritage stones. In this way, the scientific corpus of historical-cultural heritage can face for the development of tourism in Galicia-North Portugal Euroregion in a long-lasting sustainable way.

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“…In this time, there is a growing interest in the investigation of deterioration and conservation of building stones [227][228][229][230][231][232][233][234]. The development of analytical techniques allows scientists to quickly obtain increasingly reliable results and non-destructive and portable diagnostic techniques have improved considerably and play an important role in the conservation of built heritage [235][236][237]. However, we scientists must not forget that each heritage stone is a remains of the past, unique and unrepeatable.…”

Section: Recent Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Forerunners on Heritage Stones Investigation: Historical Synthesis and Evolution

Freire-Lista

2021

Heritage

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Human activity has required, since its origins, stones as raw material for carving, construction and rock art. The study, exploration, use and maintenance of building stones is a global phenomenon that has evolved from the first shelters, manufacture of lithic tools, to the construction of houses, infrastructures and monuments. Druids, philosophers, clergymen, quarrymen, master builders, naturalists, travelers, architects, archaeologists, physicists, chemists, curators, restorers, museologists, engineers and geologists, among other professionals, have worked with stones and they have produced the current knowledge in heritage stones. They are stones that have special significance in human culture. In this way, the connotation of heritage in stones has been acquired over the time. That is, the stones at the time of their historical use were simply stones used for a certain purpose. Therefore, the concept of heritage stone is broad, with cultural, historic, artistic, architectural, and scientific implications. A historical synthesis is presented of the main events that marked the use of stones from prehistory, through ancient history, medieval times, and to the modern period. In addition, the main authors who have written about stones are surveyed from Ancient Roman times to the middle of the twentieth century. Subtle properties of stones have been discovered and exploited by artists and artisans long before rigorous science took notice of them and explained them.

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Petrographic and petrophysical characterisation and structural function of the heritage stones in Fuwairit Archaeological Site (NE Qatar): implications for heritage conservation

Cited by 19 publications

References 36 publications

Pietra Alberese: Building Material and Stone for Lime in the Florentine Territory (Tuscany, Italy)

Pietra Alberese: Building Material and Stone for Lime in the Florentine Territory (Tuscany, Italy)

Building Granite Characterisation, Construction Phases, Mason’s Marks and Glyptography of Nossa Senhora de Guadalupe Church, Mouçós e Lamares, Galicia-North Portugal Euroregion

The Forerunners on Heritage Stones Investigation: Historical Synthesis and Evolution

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