Petrochemical characteristics and genetic interpretation of the basaltic volcanism of Kula (Manisa, Turkey)

Abstract

Akaline basaltic rocks of Plio-Quaternary age are dominant in the vicinity of Kula town in the Manisa province in Western Anatolia (Turkey). The oldest rocks are of 7.5 m. y. There have been intermittent stages of volcanic activity. The last stage occurred 15-20 000 years ago and human footprints are observed in tuffs. According to petrochemical work carried out it was concluded that these volcanic rocks in a domain characterized by a tensional regime were formed via uplift of a plume shaped primitive magma generated from a hot spot of the mantle.

Evaluation of the Performance of Gabion Walls as a High-Energy Rockfall Protection System Using 3D Numerical Analysis: A Case Study

“…Selendi basin is located between Demirci basin in the west and Uşak-Güre basin in the east. There are Simav and Gediz grabens in the north and south of the basin, respectively [24]. Dikendere Volcanites, which consists of rhyolite, rhyodacite, and tuff, outcrop in the study area (Figure 2).…”

“…Dikendere Volcanites, which consists of rhyolite, rhyodacite, and tuff, outcrop in the study area (Figure 2). The name of the unit formed in the first volcanic phase in the Tertiary period of the region was given by [24]. Argillisation is common in the units.…”

The Kula–Salihli UNESCO Geopark: Spectacular records of Quaternary volcanism, fluvial and landscape evolution and Quaternary environmental change

“…The geochemistry of the volcanism, first established at the end of that century (Washington, 1894(Washington, , 1900, has led to the classification of the lavas as alkali olivine basalt, phonotephrite, and basanite (Güleç, 1991). The oldest published dates suggest that the volcanic activity began at ~1.7 Ma (Richardson-Bunbury, 1996), in close association with the crustal rifting that has produced the graben structure (Ercan et al, 1982;Ercan, 1993). The basalt flows that have arisen are classified according to their relative age into four categories, from β1, the oldest, to β4, the youngest (Erinç, 1970).…”

Melting of crustal xenoliths within ascending basalt: Example from the Kula volcanic field, western Anatolia, Turkey

“…La région volcanique quaternaire de Kula, en Anatolie de l'Ouest (Turquie), est essentiellement constituée de coulées de laves basaltiques d'origine fissurale et d'appareils monogéniques, de types cônes de scories et maars. Le substratum est composé de roches métamorphiques (schistes, gneiss, marbres) [6]. Dans les produits de projection des cônes de scories, on trouve des enclaves magmatiques (hornblendite, gabbro, lherzolite) et métamorphiques (schistes, gneiss).…”

“…The tectonically extensive Kula region of western Turkey hosts numerous Quaternary fissural basaltic lava flows and monogenetic vents as cinder cones and maars. They overlie the metamorphic basement rocks, which are composed of micaschists, quartz schists, quartzrich micaschists, gneiss, recrystallised limestones and marbles [6]. Although some magmatic xenoliths (hornblendite, gabbro, lherzolithe, peridodite) and metamorphic xenoliths (schists, gneiss) are present within basaltic cinder tephras, the isotopic ratios ( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr: 0.7030-0.7034) of xenoquartz-bearing basalts indicate no significant crustal contamination effects on the basalts [1].…”