Petro‐based and bio‐based plasticizers: Chemical structures to plasticizing properties

Abstract

Polymeric materials, in particular PVC, can find various industrial utilizations thanks to the use of plasticizers added during their processing. The most famous applications include wires and cables, coatings, flooring, paintings, packaging… After some generalities concerning plasticization theories and the description of plasticized petro‐ and bio‐based polymers, this review details the well‐known different petro‐based plasticizers and more particularly phthalates which represent the most important category of PVC plasticizers. Owing to migration problems, impact on the human health and the environment, alternative candidates have been developed by researchers. Renewable resources and their wastes offer a large platform for the design of bio‐based plasticizers using polysaccharidic or lipidic structures. In an in‐depth analysis, the bio‐based plasticizer structures, their groups and substituents (ester groups, alkyl chains, aromatic rings…) are gathered and examined in order to be able to predict their plasticizing efficiency and design new molecular and macromolecular plasticizers from natural resources. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 11–33

Synthesis and Properties of a Novel Environmental Epoxidized Glycidyl Ester of Ricinoleic Acetic Ester Plasticizer for Poly(vinyl chloride)

“…Figure 6 shows the loss factor (tan δ) curves of the PVC films with different plasticizers. Only one peak could be seen in each curve, suggesting that the blend was a homogenous material, and that the plasticizer had good compatibility with PVC [3,31]. Glass transition temperature (T g ) was determined as the temperature at the maximum of the tan δ curve, and is presented in Table 2.…”

“…The first plasticizers were used in the 1800s with natural camphor and castor oil [3]. In recent years, some kinds of castor oil-derived plasticizers have been reported.…”

“…Plasticizers are one of the most common plastics additives [2]. During the last decade, around 1, 0.8 and 3.5 million tons of plasticizers were produced per year in Europe, North America and Asia, respectively [3]. Furthermore, the global annual market requirement for plasticizers is projected to rise to over 13.2 million tons per year until 2018 [3].…”

“…During the last decade, around 1, 0.8 and 3.5 million tons of plasticizers were produced per year in Europe, North America and Asia, respectively [3]. Furthermore, the global annual market requirement for plasticizers is projected to rise to over 13.2 million tons per year until 2018 [3]. Phthalates, especially the dioctyl phthalate (DOP) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP), are the most commonly used plasticizers for poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), and account for more than 80% of the global plasticizer market [4,5].…”

Thermal and Rheological Properties of Crude Tall Oil for Use in Biodiesel Production

“…CTO has been investigated for production of adhesives [5], paints [6], rubber [7,8], coatings [9,10], biodiesel [11,12], paraffin-rich liquids [13], diesel fuel additives [14], ethylene and propylene [15], etc. A better understanding and information on the thermal and rheological properties of CTO such as viscosity, melting and crystallization are essential engineering parameters for the optimal design of processing equipment and optimization of production methods based on CTO.…”