Pethidine, Metoclopramide, and the Gastro-Oesophageal Sphincter

Effects of Dexmedetomidine and Propofol on Lower Esophageal Sphincter and Gastroesophageal Pressure Gradient in Healthy Volunteers

“…In contrast, Weihrauch et al 25 demonstrated no significant change in LESP after administration of 5 and 10 mg diazepam and an unexpected transient increase in LESP after 20 mg diazepam. Controversy continues with the opioids; e.g., morphine 18 and meperidine 24,26 have been reported to decrease LESP, but there is also reportedly a slight increase in LESP with morphine 27 and no effect with remifentanil. 10 Dexmedetomidine and propofol are both widely used, usually for similar indications, but each drug has unique properties.…”

Pre-anesthetic meperidine: associated vomiting and gastroesophageal reflux during the subsequent anesthetic in dogs

“…In dogs, esophageal sphincter pressure is decreased with use of isoflurane, atropine, acepromazine and xylazine (Strombeck & Harrold, 1985a,b; Hashim et al., 1995). Meperidine has been shown to decrease the esophageal sphincter pressure and increase the probability of reflux in Rhesus monkeys and humans (Hall et al., 1975; Hey et al., 1981). In dogs, IV meperidine has been shown to produce large phasic contractions in the lower esophageal sphincter (Strombeck & Harrold, 1985a,b).…”

Effects of remifentanil on esophageal motility: a double‐blind, randomized, cross‐over study in healthy volunteers

“…Moreover, we investigated whether the effects induced by remifentanil could be counteracted by the opioid antagonist naloxone, and if metoclopramide has an effect on the effects of remifentanil. It has been shown previously that metoclopramide increases resting pressure in the EGJ and does not attenuate cricoid pressure‐induced relaxation of the EGJ . Subjective swallowing difficulties were also recorded.…”