Peter Trudgill, New-Dialect Formation: The Inevitability of Colonial Englishes

Variation and optionality in clitic climbing in Argentinean Spanish

“…Reasons for this dichotomy are essentially twofold; following Lipski (1994: 9) ports not only maintain strong links to patrimonial governments (and, by proxy, heightened standardising linguistic pressure), but furthermore are sources of "renewable linguistic input", given that port cities are primarily destinations of international trade and immigration. In the case of Puerto Madryn, the main city from whence the Coastal Patagonian data was collected in the present study, it is unclear whether the impact of a Welsh adstrate (Coupland & Garrett 2010) will also have had a direct effect of CC acceptability in the Coastal Patagonian Region, but its status as a port will certainly have provided a considerable amount of variation in Spanish input in later decades, which may in turn push speakers towards linguistic accommodation and dialect levelling (see Trudgill 2004) resulting in a closer approximation to the standard, and thus a lower acceptability of CC. Furthermore, Virkel (2000: 172) explains that within urban centres in the Chubut province, such as Puerto Madryn and Trelew, a variety of ArgSp that is generally based on the Buenos Aires standard is widely the main variety in use.…”