Petal Coloration of Interspecific Hybrids between Camellia chrysantha * C. japonica

Nishimoto, Shin-ichi; Hashimoto, Fumio; Shimizu, Kazuo; Sakata, Yusuke

doi:10.2503/jjshs.73.189

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Green tea extract has been found to contain many polyphenolic flavonoids [43], and this was further confirmed by Bozkurt [44]. Herbal medicine extracts also contain many flavonoids, including catechin hydrate, gallocatechin, epicatechin, and epigallocatechin, which contribute to the yellow coloration of the plants [35,36,45,46]. Therefore, this was considered to contribute to the increase in yellowness as well as chroma and hue values in the emulsion-type pork sausage, while the redness was decreased.…”

Section: Sausage Colormentioning

confidence: 82%

Effect of Various Herbal Medicine Extracts on the Physico-chemical Properties of Emulsion-type Pork Sausage

Jin¹,

Ha²,

Hur³

et al. 2015

JFNR

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the functional properties of herbal medicine aqueous extracts as natural preservatives to improve the quality characteristics and oxidative stability of emulsion-type pork sausage. The pH value was significantly higher in sausages of control than in groups containing herbal medicine extracts (p<0.05). The shear force values increased with the addition of herbal medicine extracts (p<0.05). The addition of herbal medicine extracts also reduced the lightness and redness, and increased the yellowness, chroma, and hue observed during storage (p<0.05). In addition, the anti-oxidative activity including 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), peroxide value (POV), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazla hydrate (DPPH) was higher in the Akebiaquinata (T3), Lonicera japonica (T4), and Chelidoniummajus (T5) groups than in the other groups (p<0.05). In a sensory evaluation, the Liriopeplatyphylla (T1) and Saposhnikoviaedivaricata (T2) groups scored lower than the control, whereas the T3, T4, and T5 groups showed similar attributes compared with the control. In conclusion, the addition of herbal medicine extracts did not have negative effects on the quality of emulsion-type pork sausage, and they could be used as a natural antioxidant material to prevent lipid oxidation in meat products.

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Section: Sausage Colormentioning

confidence: 82%

Effect of Various Herbal Medicine Extracts on the Physico-chemical Properties of Emulsion-type Pork Sausage

Jin¹,

Ha²,

Hur³

et al. 2015

JFNR

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“…In the early 1970s, C. nitidissima was honored as "the queen of camellias" (Liang, 1993); it is characterized by yellow, waxy, shiny petals. It has been introduced to Japan, Australia, and North America as a useful genetic resource for commercial cultivation of camellias, attracting extensive attention of horticultural workers worldwide (Nishimoto et al, 2004;Parks, 2000). In addition, it has been reported that the leaves, flowers, and seed oils of C. nitidissima can be of value in food and Chinese traditional medicine (Liang, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Yellow Camellia (Camellia nitidissima) in China as Revealed by RAPD and AFLP Markers

et al. 2006

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Camellia nitidissima, a rare plant but a useful genetic resource for commercial cultivation of ornamental camellias, is distributed in a narrow region of South China and North Vietnam. In this study, RAPD and AFLP markers were used to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of six natural populations of C. nitidissima from Guangxi in South China. Twenty RAPD primers amplified 183 bands, of which 143 bands were polymorphic, and 8 AFLP primer pairs produced 502 bands, of which 364 were polymorphic. Independent as well as combined analyses of the cluster analyses of the RAPD and AFLP fragments showed that the six populations could be classified into two major genetic groups corresponding to the Nanning and Fangcheng areas. The Mantel test revealed significant correlation between the genetic and geographic distances of C. nitidissima populations (r = 0.953, p = 0.036). AMOVA analysis allowed the partitioning of the genetic variation between groups (36.09%), among populations within groups (25.78%), and within populations (38.14%). An understanding of both the genetic diversity and the population structure of C. nitidissima in China can also provide insight into the conservation and management of this endangered species.

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“…Introduction of deep yellow property into C. japonica flowers has not been successful by crossing with C. chrysantha yet. As some progeny of C. japonica and C. chrysantha seem to have sufficient flavonoids (Nishimoto et al, 2004), they may lack the conditions for yellow coloration in aluminum ions and/or pH. By selecting plants of C. chrysantha and other yellow Camellia species, and especially C. japonica possessing a relatively higher level of aluminum ions and higher pH value, we would obtain deeper yellow flower progeny.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These flavonoids are pale yellow pigments, as opposed to aurones and chalcones, so it would seem difficult for these flavonoids to generate the deep yellow color of C. chrysantha. Nishimoto et al (2004) discussed the contribution of carotenoids to the yellow coloration; however, in our opinion, the carotenoid content is too low to account for the deep yellow color. Yellow coloration is still a mystery, the resolution of which could contribute to breeding new yellow camellia varieties for the garden.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Peculiar Yellow Flower Coloration of Camellia Using Aluminum-flavonoid Interaction

Tanikawa

Kashiwabara

Hokura

et al. 2008

J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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The yellow coloration mechanism of Camellia chrysantha flowers has been a mystery because the pigments which produce their deep yellow color could not be found in the flower. We sought to solve the mystery regarding the characteristic accumulation of aluminum ions by camellia plants. Deep yellow C. chrysantha flowers contained aluminum ions at three times the concentration found in pale yellow flowers. Three quercetin derivatives, 3-rutinoside, 3-glucoside, and 7-glucoside, were identified as major flavonoids in both flowers. There were no significant differences in their flavonoid content or pH, which was 5.8. The deep yellow flowers of C. chrysantha contained flavonoids and aluminum ions in a ratio of 1 to 0.5. When quercetin 3-rutinoside solution, which was originally almost colorless and had an absorption maximum around 350 nm at pH 5.8, was prepared with an aluminum ion concentration similar to the endogenous ratio, the solution developed a deep yellow color. This mixture also had an absorption spectrum like that of C. chrysantha petals, which had an absorption maximum around 420 nm. After removing the cations using an ion exchange column, the yellow coloration of the C. chrysantha petal extract changed to a paler color; the coloration was restored by the addition of aluminum ions. We concluded that the deep yellow color of the C. chrysantha flower is generated by the chelation of aluminum ions by quercetin derivatives, which is a unique yellow 'dyeing' system of these flowers.

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Petal Coloration of Interspecific Hybrids between Camellia chrysantha * C. japonica

Cited by 12 publications

References 4 publications

Effect of Various Herbal Medicine Extracts on the Physico-chemical Properties of Emulsion-type Pork Sausage

Effect of Various Herbal Medicine Extracts on the Physico-chemical Properties of Emulsion-type Pork Sausage

Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Yellow Camellia (Camellia nitidissima) in China as Revealed by RAPD and AFLP Markers

A Peculiar Yellow Flower Coloration of Camellia Using Aluminum-flavonoid Interaction

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