PET imaging of neuroinflammation in neurological disorders

Kreisl, William Charles; Kim, Min-Jeong; Coughlin, Jennifer M.; Henter, Ioline D.; Owen, David R.; Innis, Robert B.

doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(20)30346-x

Cited by 143 publications

(160 citation statements)

References 128 publications

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“…In the current study we also did not identify significant regional differences in Iba1 labeling between cortical and subcortical brain regions in nonepilepsy controls. Available sensitive positron emission tomography (PET) microglial ligands also show diffuse low‐level labeling in the normal brain 25 . Brain‐wide gene expression data (from the atlas of the Allen institute), however, reveals regional enrichment of gene expression related to microglia (including the Iba1 gene, AIF1 ), and this was recently shown to correspond to regions that are vulnerable to cortical atrophy in epilepsy 18 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Available sensitive positron emission tomography (PET) microglial ligands also show diffuse low-level labeling in the normal brain. 25 Brain-wide gene expression data (from the atlas of the Allen institute), however, reveals regional enrichment of gene expression related to microglia (including the Iba1 gene, AIF1), and this was recently shown to correspond to regions that are vulnerable to cortical atrophy in epilepsy. 18 Indeed, genes that determine the regional variability of cortical thickness in the normal human brain also determine local microglia development and therefore susceptibility to a range of insults, including inflammation.…”

Section: Detection Of and Normal Distribution Of Microgliamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regional microglial populations in central autonomic brain regions in SUDEP

et al. 2021

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Detection Of and Normal Distribution Of Microgliamentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional microglial populations in central autonomic brain regions in SUDEP

et al. 2021

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“…While there is an understandable focus on in vivo CTE tau identification, measuring the degree and spatial distribution of neuroinflammation [ 100 , 148 – 150 ] and synaptic dysfunction are other potentially interesting PET applications for repetitive head trauma [ 151 – 153 ]. The translocator protein (TSPO) is a mitochondrial membrane protein that is upregulated in activated microglia, astroglia, and macrophages.…”

Section: Future Considerations For Neuroimaging Research In Repetitive Head Traumamentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying degenerative effects of repetitive head trauma with neuroimaging: a clinically-oriented review

Asken

Rabinovici

2021

acta neuropathol commun

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Background and Scope of Review Varying severities and frequencies of head trauma may result in dynamic acute and chronic pathophysiologic responses in the brain. Heightened attention to long-term effects of head trauma, particularly repetitive head trauma, has sparked recent efforts to identify neuroimaging biomarkers of underlying disease processes. Imaging modalities like structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) are the most clinically applicable given their use in neurodegenerative disease diagnosis and differentiation. In recent years, researchers have targeted repetitive head trauma cohorts in hopes of identifying in vivo biomarkers for underlying biologic changes that might ultimately improve diagnosis of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) in living persons. These populations most often include collision sport athletes (e.g., American football, boxing) and military veterans with repetitive low-level blast exposure. We provide a clinically-oriented review of neuroimaging data from repetitive head trauma cohorts based on structural MRI, FDG-PET, Aβ-PET, and tau-PET. We supplement the review with two patient reports of neuropathology-confirmed, clinically impaired adults with prior repetitive head trauma who underwent structural MRI, FDG-PET, Aβ-PET, and tau-PET in addition to comprehensive clinical examinations before death. Review Conclusions Group-level comparisons to controls without known head trauma have revealed inconsistent regional volume differences, with possible propensity for medial temporal, limbic, and subcortical (thalamus, corpus callosum) structures. Greater frequency and severity (i.e., length) of cavum septum pellucidum (CSP) is observed in repetitive head trauma cohorts compared to unexposed controls. It remains unclear whether CSP predicts a particular neurodegenerative process, but CSP presence should increase suspicion that clinical impairment is at least partly attributable to the individual’s head trauma exposure (regardless of underlying disease). PET imaging similarly has not revealed a prototypical metabolic or molecular pattern associated with repetitive head trauma or predictive of CTE based on the most widely studied radiotracers. Given the range of clinical syndromes and neurodegenerative pathologies observed in a subset of adults with prior repetitive head trauma, structural MRI and PET imaging may still be useful for differential diagnosis (e.g., assessing suspected Alzheimer’s disease).

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“…In recent years, image-based analysis methods using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional MRI (fMRI) or positron emission tomography (PET) have gained popularity due to their objective and non-invasive nature. 6,7 MRI can reveal the anatomical structure of brain but is not capable of measuring metabolic changes during stroke. fMRI measures the bloodoxygen-level dependent (BOLD) signal, which is associated with the brain metabolism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feature-based Quality Assessment of Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography

Tang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BackgroundThe association between brain metabolic change and ischemic stroke has attracted a lot of attention in the research community. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is widely used to measure the metabolism. In experiments, ischemic stroke is usually induced through middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), and quality assessment of this procedure is of vital importance. However, an assessment method based on FDG PET images is still lacking. Herein, we propose an image feature-based protocol to assess the quality of the procedure.MethodsWe performed permanent MCAO to a total of 161 Sprague-Dawley rats. FDG micro-PET images were acquired both before and after the MCAO procedure. Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining was also conducted to obtain ground truth of the infarct volume. After preprocessing of the PET images, a combination of 3D scale invariant feature transform (SIFT) and support vector machine (SVM) was applied to extract features and train a classifier that can assess the quality of the MCAO procedure.Results106 rats and 212 images were used as training data to construct the classification model. The SVM classifier achieved over 98% accuracy in cross validation. 10 rats with TTC results showing infarction in the ipsilateral brain region served as validation data. Their images were tested by the classifier and all of them were categorized into the correct group. Finally, the remaining 45 rats from a separate experiment were treated as independent test data. The prediction accuracy for these 90 images reached the level of 91%. An online interface was constructed for users to upload their images and obtain the assessment results.ConclusionThis feature-based protocol provides a convenient, accurate and reliable tool to assess the quality of the MCAO procedure in FDG PET study.

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PET imaging of neuroinflammation in neurological disorders

Cited by 143 publications

References 128 publications

Regional microglial populations in central autonomic brain regions in SUDEP

Regional microglial populations in central autonomic brain regions in SUDEP

Identifying degenerative effects of repetitive head trauma with neuroimaging: a clinically-oriented review

Feature-based Quality Assessment of Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography

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