PET imaging of inflammation in atherosclerosis

Tarkin, Jason M.; Joshi, Francis R.; Rudd, James H.F.

doi:10.1038/nrcardio.2014.80

Cited by 298 publications

(249 citation statements)

References 169 publications

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“…An illustration of this pathophysiologic progression and current imaging techniques for vascular calcification are portrayed in Figures 1 and 2 16, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23…”

Section: Atherosclerosis Development Calcification and Progressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18 F‐2‐Deoxy‐2‐fluoro‐ d ‐glucose ( 18 F‐FDG) is the most widely validated PET tracer for the evaluation of inflammation within atherosclerotic plaques on the basis of the glucose metabolism of macrophages 21. Li et al119 used 18 F‐NaF and 18 F‐FDG PET/CT to evaluate the association between osteogenesis and inflammation during the progression of calcified plaque.…”

Section: Alternative Pet Imaging Tracersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Imaging Cardiovascular Calcification

Wang

Osborne

Tung

et al. 2018

JAHA

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“…An illustration of this pathophysiologic progression and current imaging techniques for vascular calcification are portrayed in Figures 1 and 2 16, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23…”

Section: Atherosclerosis Development Calcification and Progressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Alternative Pet Imaging Tracersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging Cardiovascular Calcification

Wang

Osborne

Tung

et al. 2018

JAHA

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“…For example, MRI after the administration of recombinant HDL particles containing gadolinium 149 or ultra-small particles of iron oxide 150 can provide information about macrophage infiltration in plaque, or with microparticles of iron oxide targeting VCAM1 can provide information about endothelial activation -a critical step in atherosclerosis pathogenesis 103 . The use of 18 FDG-PET in combination with MRI can also improve characterization of plaque 'activity', with uptake indicating macrophage activity 151 ; high carotid FDG uptake is an independent predictor of cardiovascular events in asymptomatic patients 152 . The use of other tracers, such as 18 F-NaF, have also been used to identify microcalcification in the identification and localization of high-risk coronary plaques 153 .…”

Section: Molecular Techniques-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Erratum: Inflammatory processes in cardiovascular disease: a route to targeted therapies

Ruparelia¹,

Chai²,

Fisher³

et al. 2017

Nat Rev Cardiol

190

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Inflammatory processes are firmly established as central to the development and complications of cardiovascular diseases. Elevated levels of inflammatory markers have been shown to be predictive of future cardiovascular events. The specific targeting of these processes in experimental models has been shown to attenuate myocardial and arterial injury, reduce disease progression, and promote healing. However, the translation of these observations and the demonstration of clear efficacy in clinical practice have been disappointing. A major limitation might be that tools currently used to measure 'inflammation' are insufficiently precise and do not provide information about disease site, activity, or discriminate between functionally important activation pathways. The challenge, therefore, is to make measures of inflammation that are more meaningful, and which can guide specific targeted therapies. In this Review, we consider the roles of inflammatory processes in the related pathologies of atherosclerosis and acute myocardial infarction (AMI), by providing an evaluation of the known and emerging inflammatory pathways. We highlight contemporary techniques to characterize and quantify inflammation, and consider how they might be used to guide specific treatments. Finally, we discuss emerging opportunities in the field, including current limitations and challenges that are the focus of ongoing study.Inflammation and its failure to resolve are firmly established as central to the development and complications of several cardiovascular diseases [1][2][3] . Elevated levels of markers of inflammation, such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid A (SAA), have been shown to be predictive of future cardiovascular events across a range of clinical settings [4][5][6] . The role of the innate immune system in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases has been an area of particular focus, with the appreciation that targeting innate immune function Correspondence to R.P.C.: robin.choudhury@cardiov.ox.ac.uk. Author contributionsAll the authors researched data for the article, discussed its contents, and wrote, reviewed, and edited the manuscript before submission. Competing interests statementThe authors declare no competing interests. HHS Public AccessAuthor manuscript Nat Rev Cardiol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2017 September 01. Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptAuthor ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript in experimental models can variously attenuate disease progression and injury, and promote healing [7][8][9][10] .Processes of inflammation contribute to a broad range of cardiovascular diseases; however, in this Review, we consider the roles of inflammatory processes in the related pathologies of atherosclerosis and acute myocardial infarction (AMI), by providing an evaluation of known and emerging inflammatory pathways that are thought to be central to their pathogenesis, and the consequences of their activation. We highlight contemporary techniques to characterize and quantify inflammation, and consider h...

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“…1 Significant correlations between 18F-FDG-PET vascular uptake and macrophage content in the atherosclerotic plaque, the presence of cardiovascular risk factors, systemic markers of inflammation, and high-risk anatomical or histological plaque features support the role of 18F-FDG-PET as a prognostic biomarker. 2,3 Furthermore, retrospective analyses of PET images from patients who had 18F-FDG-PET for cancer imaging suggest that enhanced arterial 18F-FDG uptake is associated with future risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. 4,5 To better understand the prognostic value of 18F-FDG-PET, the results of the prospective studies are awaited that will provide cardiovascular outcome data for asymptomatic individuals at high cardiovascular risk who underwent carotid and aortic 18F-FDG-PET.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 Already now, 18F-FDG-PET has been used in several clinical trials of novel anti-atherosclerotic therapies as a surrogate marker of treatment efficacy. 2,3 It has potential to show the positive effect of therapy in a small patient population that can serve as a proof-of-concept for larger clinical trials based on clinical outcomes. For wide-spread clinical application and correct interpretation of findings, it is essential that the results of 18F-FDG-PET are reproducible and comparable among different trials and institutions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%