Abstract:Domestic dogs have assisted humans for millennia. However, the extent to which these helpful behaviors are prosocially motivated remains unclear. To assess the propensity of pet dogs to actively rescue distressed humans without explicit training, this study tested whether sixty pet dogs would release their seemingly trapped owners from a large box. To examine the causal mechanisms that shaped this behavior, the readiness of each dog to open the box was tested in three conditions: 1) the owner sat in the box an… Show more
“…Weaker inhibition as a possible explanation will need to be demonstrated more directly in the future. Interestingly, freeing the owner from a closed space is an active behavior more likely (than fetching) to align with the owner's expressed emotion (Carballo et al, 2020;Van Bourg et al, 2020). Our results suggest that in the above studies, the dogs' interest to remain close to the owner (Topál et al, 1998) and the owner's display of distress might enhance one another, since we also observed a stronger alignment between dogs' preference and looking orientation, if it was matching with the owner's expressions.…”
“…Weaker inhibition as a possible explanation will need to be demonstrated more directly in the future. Interestingly, freeing the owner from a closed space is an active behavior more likely (than fetching) to align with the owner's expressed emotion (Carballo et al, 2020;Van Bourg et al, 2020). Our results suggest that in the above studies, the dogs' interest to remain close to the owner (Topál et al, 1998) and the owner's display of distress might enhance one another, since we also observed a stronger alignment between dogs' preference and looking orientation, if it was matching with the owner's expressions.…”
“…The capacity for emotional contagion lies at its core, and outer layers of this "Russian doll" can incorporate more cognitively demanding capacities, such as theory of mind, perspective-taking, and sympathetic concern (e.g., de Waal, 2008). While the available evidence suggests that dogs are capable of emotional contagion (Sümegi et al, 2014;Yong and Ruffman, 2014;Palagi et al, 2015;Quervel-Chaumette et al, 2016;Huber et al, 2017;Bourg et al, 2020), researchers are still on the look-out for empathybased complex behavior. First results indicate, for example, that there is "empathetically-motivated prosocial helping in dogs" and that dogs "are most likely to provide help to a human in need if they are able to focus on the human's need instead of their own personal distress" (Sanford et al, 2018, 386).…”
Section: Moral Emotions? From Biology To Philosophymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…According to Purves and Delon (2018), animals' lives acquire meaning when they are allowed to exercise their agency and use it to bring valuable states of affairs to the world. These valuable states of affairs range from relatively simple endeavors like rearing their young or establishing friendships, to more demanding behaviors like rescuing a human in need (which recent research shows dogs are capable of; Bourg et al, 2020). A dog who is allowed to flourish to her full capacity is more likely to lead a meaningful life, which will in turn be a better life.…”
Humans interact with animals in numerous ways and on numerous levels. We are indeed living in an “animal”s world,’ in the sense that our lives are very much intertwined with the lives of animals. This also means that animals, like those dogs we commonly refer to as our pets, are living in a “human’s world” in the sense that it is us, not them, who, to a large degree, define and manage the interactions we have with them. In this sense, the human-animal relationship is nothing we should romanticize: it comes with clear power relations and thus with a set of responsibilities on the side of those who exercise this power. This holds, despite the fact that we like to think about our dogs as human’s best friend. Dogs have been part of human societies for longer than any other domestic species. Like no other species they exemplify the role of companion animals. Relationships with pet dogs are both very widespread and very intense, often leading to strong attachments between owners or caregivers and animals and to a treatment of these dogs as family members or even children. But how does this relationship look from the dogs’ perspective? How do they perceive the humans they engage with? What responsibilities and duties arise from the kind of mutual understanding, attachment, and the supposedly “special” bonds we form with them? Are there ethical implications, maybe even ethical implications beyond animal welfare? The past decades have seen an upsurge of research from comparative cognition on pet dogs’ cognitive and social skills, especially in comparison with and reference to humans. We will therefore set our discussion about the nature and ethical dimensions of the human–dog relationship against the background of the current empirical knowledge on dog (social) cognition. This allows us to analyze the human–dog relationship by applying an interdisciplinary approach that starts from the perspective of the dog to ultimately inform the perspective of humans. It is our aim to thereby identify ethical dimensions of the human–dog relationship that have been overlooked so far.
“…Skills such as emotion recognition (Albuquerque et al, 2016) and empathy (Custance and Mayer, 2012) toward humans have already been recognized in dogs. This empathic ability motivates prosocial and helping behaviors, as demonstrated in studies in which dogs rescued their tutors from a distressful situation (Sanford et al, 2018;Carballo et al, 2020;Van Bourg et al, 2020). These evidences reinforce the plausibility of the hypothesis that dogs can also carry a type of caregiving system, but more studies are needed to better investigate the role of caregiver in dogs.…”
Section: Dog-tutor Attachment: a Child-caregiver Or A Friendship Attamentioning
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