PET/CTA detection of muscle inflammation related to cholesterol crystal emboli without arterial obstruction

Pervaiz, Mohammad Hassan; Durga, Sridevi; Janoudi, Abed; Berger, Kevin L.; Abela, George S.

doi:10.1007/s12350-017-0826-y

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In a previous study on aspirates from coronary arteries of patients during catheterization for myocardial infarction we had demonstrated that macrophages were attached to CCs and appeared to be binding and degrading them similar to what we found with bacteria in this study [11]. Also, similar findings were noted during CCs emboli in muscle [14]. Other reports have shown that S. aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis have the capacity to internalize and metabolize cholesterol thus utilizing free and esterified cholesterol as a potential source of nutrition and/or incorporation into the cell membrane as reported for mammalian cells [20,21].…”

Section: Plos Onesupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Initial studies were conducted in vitro to evaluate the growth and adhesion characteristics of clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus (ATTC #43300) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATTC #27857) to CCs. Crystals were synthesized by dissolving cholesterol powder in methanol followed by evaporation as previously described [14]. To validate S. aureus and P. aeruginosa adherence to CC was specific and not related to the shape or hardness, we used plastic microspheres (250 μm) and ground glass shards as controls glued to coverslips.…”

Section: In Vitro Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Interaction between bacteria and cholesterol crystals: Implications for endocarditis and atherosclerosis

et al. 2022

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background The interaction between pathogenic bacteria and cholesterol crystals (CCs) has not been investigated. However, CCs are found extensively in atherosclerotic plaques and sclerotic cardiac valves. Interactions between pathogenic bacteria and CCs could provide insights into destabilization of atherosclerotic plaques and bacterial adhesion to cardiac valves. Methods Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were used to assess in vitro bacterial adhesion to CCs and proliferation in the presence of CCs compared to plastic microspheres and glass shards as controls. Ex vivo studies evaluated bacterial adhesion to atherosclerotic rabbit arteries compared to normal arteries and human atherosclerotic carotid plaques compared to normal carotid arteries. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to visualize bacterial adhesion to CCs and confocal microscopy was used to detect cholesterol binding to bacteria grown in the presence or absence of CCs. Results In vitro, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa displayed significantly greater adhesion, 36% (p<0.0001) and 89% (p<0.0001), respectively, and growth upon exposure to CCs compared to microspheres or glass shards. Rabbit and human atherosclerotic arteries contained significantly greater bacterial burdens compared to controls (4× (p<0.0004); 3× (p<0.019), respectively. SEM demonstrated that bacteria adhered and appeared to degrade CCs. Consistent with this, confocal microscopy indicated increased cholesterol bound to the bacterial cells. Conclusions This study is the first to demonstrate an interaction between bacteria and CCs showing that bacteria dissolve and bind to CCs. This interaction helps to elucidate adhesion of bacteria to sclerotic valves and atherosclerotic plaques that may contribute to endocarditis and plaque destabilization.

show abstract

Section: Plos Onesupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: In Vitro Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction between bacteria and cholesterol crystals: Implications for endocarditis and atherosclerosis

et al. 2022

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Xie et al [27] showed that mice with muscle injury induced by electroporation show increased uptake of 64 Cu, thus demonstrating 64 Cu-Cl 2 PET/CT as a new molecular imaging technique for skeletal muscle. Recently, Pervaiz et al [28] showed that 18 F-FDG PET/CT can be used for imaging inflammation and muscle injury caused by cholesterol crystal emboli. However, these studies focused on the use of radiopharmaceuticals to assess a specific physiological disorder that cannot explain the whole SM recovery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the skeletal muscle injury recovery using in vivo contrast-enhanced micro-CT: a proof-of-concept study in a rat model

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Skeletal muscle injury characterisation during healing supports trauma prognosis. Given the potential interest of computed tomography (CT) in muscle diseases and lack of in vivo CT methodology to image skeletal muscle wound healing, we tracked skeletal muscle injury recovery using in vivo micro-CT in a rat model to obtain a predictive model. Methods Skeletal muscle injury was performed in 23 rats. Twenty animals were sorted into five groups to image lesion recovery at 2, 4, 7, 10, or 14 days after injury using contrast-enhanced micro-CT. Injury volumes were quantified using a semiautomatic image processing, and these values were used to build a prediction model. The remaining 3 rats were imaged at all monitoring time points as validation. Predictions were compared with Bland-Altman analysis. Results Optimal contrast agent dose was found to be 20 mL/kg injected at 400 μL/min. Injury volumes showed a decreasing tendency from day 0 (32.3 ± 12.0mm3, mean ± standard deviation) to day 2, 4, 7, 10, and 14 after injury (19.6 ± 12.6, 11.0 ± 6.7, 8.2 ± 7.7, 5.7 ± 3.9, and 4.5 ± 4.8 mm3, respectively). Groups with single monitoring time point did not yield significant differences with the validation group lesions. Further exponential model training with single follow-up data (R2 = 0.968) to predict injury recovery in the validation cohort gave a predictions root mean squared error of 6.8 ± 5.4 mm3. Further prediction analysis yielded a bias of 2.327. Conclusion Contrast-enhanced CT allowed in vivo tracking of skeletal muscle injury recovery in rat.

show abstract

“…Also, NETs partially contribute to this process (C. Shi, T. Kim, S. Steiger, S. R. Mulay, B. M. Klinkhammer, T. Bäuerle, M. E. Melica, P. Romagnani, L. Yang, D. Möckel, M. Baues, E. Mammadova‐Bach, B. Sanne, J. W. M. Heemskerk, A. Braun, T. Lammers, P. Boor, H. J. Anders, unpublished observation). In contrast, small amounts of CCs that do not cause endothelial cell injury remain inside the vasculature without triggering crystal clots .…”

Section: How Do Crystals Trigger Thrombosis?mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The clinical presentation of the cholesterol embolism syndrome is dominated by ischemic tissue injury, and histopathological examination demonstrates how CCs impact the vascular wall [83]. However, not the crystals In contrast, small amounts of CCs that do not cause endothelial cell injury remain inside the vasculature without triggering crystal clots [86].…”

Section: How Do Crystals Trigger Thrombosis?mentioning

confidence: 99%

A guide to crystal‐related and nano‐ or microparticle‐related tissue responses

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Crystals and nano‐ and microparticles form inside the human body from intrinsic proteins, minerals, or metabolites or enter the body as particulate matter from occupational and environmental sources. Associated tissue injuries and diseases mostly develop from cellular responses to such crystal deposits and include inflammation, cell necrosis, granuloma formation, tissue fibrosis, and stone‐related obstruction of excretory organs. But how do crystals and nano‐ and microparticles trigger these biological processes? Which pathomechanisms are identical across different particle types, sizes, and shapes? In addition, which mechanisms are specific to the atomic or molecular structure of crystals or to specific sizes or shapes? Do specific cellular or molecular mechanisms qualify as target for therapeutic interventions? Here, we provide a guide to approach this diverse and multidisciplinary research domain. We give an overview about the clinical spectrum of crystallopathies, about shared and specific pathomechanisms as a conceptual overview before digging deeper into the specialty field of interest.

show abstract

PET/CTA detection of muscle inflammation related to cholesterol crystal emboli without arterial obstruction

Abstract: Cholesterol crystal emboli triggered muscle inflammation and necrosis with an intact circulation. PET/CTA may help in the early detection of inflammation caused by CCs.

Cited by 15 publications

References 27 publications

Interaction between bacteria and cholesterol crystals: Implications for endocarditis and atherosclerosis

Interaction between bacteria and cholesterol crystals: Implications for endocarditis and atherosclerosis

Modelling the skeletal muscle injury recovery using in vivo contrast-enhanced micro-CT: a proof-of-concept study in a rat model

A guide to crystal‐related and nano‐ or microparticle‐related tissue responses

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About