PET-CT in Clinical Adult Oncology—VI. Primary Cutaneous Cancer, Sarcomas and Neuroendocrine Tumors

Abstract

PET-CT is an advanced imaging modality with many oncologic applications, including staging, therapeutic assessment, restaging and surveillance for recurrence. The goal of this series of six review articles is to provide practical information to providers and imaging professionals regarding the best use of PET-CT for specific oncologic indications, the potential pitfalls and nuances that characterize these applications, and guidelines for image interpretation. Tumor-specific clinical information and representative PET-CT images are provided. The current, sixth article in this series addresses PET-CT in an evaluation of aggressive cutaneous malignancies, sarcomas and neuroendocrine tumors. A discussion of the role of FDG PET for all types of tumors in these categories is beyond the scope of this review. Rather, this article focuses on the most common malignancies in adult patients encountered in clinical practice. It also focuses on Food and Drug Agency (FDA)-approved and clinically available radiopharmaceuticals rather than research tracers or those requiring a local cyclotron. This information will serve as a guide to primary providers for the appropriate role of PET-CT in managing patients with cutaneous malignancies, sarcomas and neuroendocrine tumors. The nuances of PET-CT interpretation as a practical guide for imaging providers, including radiologists, nuclear medicine physicians and their trainees, are also addressed.

Prunetin Triggers ROS-mediated Apoptosis through the Suppression of MAPKs/STAT-3/NF-κB-p65 Signaling Pathway in Human Osteosarcoma Cells

“…Scientists have explored novel agents or molecules that may be used to treat numerous tumors including OS. PRU has been revealed to display several valuable activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-obesity, and also controlling proteolytic action (Ahn et al, 2013; Carrle & Bielack, 2006; Fine et al, 2022). However, the anticancer efficacy of PRU on human OS cells MG-63 has not yet been reported so far.…”

“…Local discomfort, localized edemas, and sporadic joint dysfunction are the common symptoms. Almost 90% of cases are identified as high-grade OS at the time of diagnosis, which is normally done with X-rays (Fine et al, 2009). Currently, pre- and post-operative chemotherapy, as well as surgical procedures, serve as the comprehensive therapeutic options for OS (Carrle & Bielack, 2006).…”

N-Benzylethanolammonium Ionic Liquids and Molten Salts in the Synthesis of 68Ga- and Al18F-Labeled Radiopharmaceuticals

“…We have recently developed GB-ILs based on hydroxyalkylammonium cations (triethanolammonium (TEA)) [ 22 ], tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl ammonium (TRIS) [ 22 ], diethanolammonium (DEA) [ 23 ], tris(2-hydroxypropyl)ammonium (TPA) [ 24 ], bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl ammonium (BIS-TRIS) [ 25 ] and N , N , N ′, N ′-tetrakis(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylene diammonium (THEED) [ 26 ]) and biologically active carboxylic acids, which proved to be effective buffer agents in 68 Ga-radiolabeling of bifunctional chelating agents (BCAs) and peptides. Today, 68 Ga-based radiopharmaceuticals with receptor-targeted peptides have a great clinical impact, especially in PET diagnosis of prostate cancer and neuroendocrine tumors [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ]. As is known, the formation of the 68 Ga-chelator complex is possible only in a certain pH range [ 31 ].…”

Retrospective Analysis of the Predictive Value of 18F-FDG PET/CT Metabolic Parameters for PD-L1 Expression in Cervical Cancer

“…However, it is always difficult for patients with recurrence and metastasis to obtain tumor tissues. 2-Deoxy-2-[ 18 F] fluoro-D-glucose ( 18 F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is acknowledged as an important non-invasive whole-body molecular imaging modality for evaluation of various tumors [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]. It has been reported that 18 F-FDG PET/CT could be used to predict multiple molecular phenotypes for malignant tumors, for instance, HER2 expression in gastric cancer [ 13 ], EGFR mutations and positive ALK expression in NSCLC [ 14 ].…”