PET/CT Imaging in Oncology: Exceptions That Prove the Rule

Casali, Massimiliano; Froio, Armando; Carbonelli, Cristiano; Versari, Annibale

doi:10.1155/2013/865032

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…For example, the physical tumor location in the lungs may make biopsies difficult if not impossible to obtain. Imaging diagnostics have difficulties distinguishing between benign and malignant lesions, and these difficulties become more pronounced for small lesions 5 . Expression of tumor markers such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), carbohydrate antigen (CA125), cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21-1), and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in serum have also been used to aid in cancer diagnoses, but these markers are not specific to lung cancer and may be associated with other pathologies 6 7 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating Tumor DNA Detection in Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients by Targeted Sequencing

Chen

Feng²,

Yang

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

110

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Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) isolated from peripheral blood has recently been shown to be an alternative source to detect gene mutations in primary tumors; however, most previous studies have focused on advanced stage cancers, and few have evaluated ctDNA detection in early-stage lung cancer. In the present study, blood and tumor samples were collected prospectively from 58 early-stage non-small lung cancer (NSCLC) patients (stages IA, IB, and IIA) and a targeted sequencing approach was used to detect somatic driver mutations in matched tumor DNA (tDNA) and plasma ctDNA. We identified frequent driver mutations in plasma ctDNA and tDNA in EGFR, KRAS, PIK3CA, and TP53, and less frequent mutations in other genes, with an overall study concordance of 50.4% and sensitivity and specificity of 53.8% and 47.3%, respectively. Cell-free (cfDNA) concentrations were found to be significantly associated with some clinical features, including tumor stage and subtype. Importantly, the presence of cfDNA had a higher positive predictive value than that of currently used protein tumor biomarkers. This study demonstrates the feasibility of identifying plasma ctDNA mutations in the earliest stage lung cancer patients via targeted sequencing, demonstrating a potential utility of targeted sequencing of ctDNA in the clinical management of NSCLC.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating Tumor DNA Detection in Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients by Targeted Sequencing

Chen

Feng²,

Yang

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

110

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“…Tumours containing ~50 million malignant cells release sufficient DNA for the detection of circulating cell-free tumour DNA (ctDNA) in blood [ 70 ] and this is below the limit of resolution of radiology studies. For imaging studies, there are still limitations to the resolution and difficulties distinguishing benign from malignant lesions particularly for small lesions [ 71 , 72 ]. Radiological imaging studies are only able to detect tumours when they are approximately 7–10 mm in size and contain ~1 billion cells.…”

Section: Cell-free Dnamentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating Cell-Free Tumour DNA in the Management of Cancer

Francis

Stein

2015

IJMS

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With the development of new sensitive molecular techniques, circulating cell-free tumour DNA containing mutations can be identified in the plasma of cancer patients. The applications of this technology may result in significant changes to the care and management of cancer patients. Whilst, currently, these “liquid biopsies” are used to supplement the histological diagnosis of cancer and metastatic disease, in the future these assays may replace the need for invasive procedures. Applications include the monitoring of tumour burden, the monitoring of minimal residual disease, monitoring of tumour heterogeneity, monitoring of molecular resistance and early diagnosis of tumours and metastatic disease.

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“…27, 28 From a processing standpoint, adequate sample size as well as the method of tissue acquisition, processing, and preservation can affect the integrity of the nucleic acid sample and lead to inadequate molecular analysis.…”

Section: Tissue Is the Issue…or Is It?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid Biopsies for Assessing Metastatic Melanoma Progression

Huynh

Hoon

2016

Crit Rev Oncog

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The field of genomic biomarkers in melanoma has evolved dramatically in the past few decades. Whereas much of the prior focus has been on molecular assessment of tumor tissue, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and cell-free circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) as sources of a “liquid biopsy” in cancer patients provide promising potential as a method to assess tumor progression, identify targets for therapy, and to evaluate clinical response to treatment. Blood biomarker assays have the advantage of being non-invasive, allow for dynamic evaluation of disease over a serial time frame, and help to address the issue of tissue sampling bias and tumor heterogeneity. However, there still remains an assortment of technologies and techniques to isolate and detect CTCs and ctDNA and a standardized method is yet to be established. Despite these challenges, multiple studies have already demonstrated the clinical prognostic utility of blood-based genomic biomarker assays. With the advent of next generation sequencing and genome-wide ctDNA analysis, this will undoubtedly lead to an improved understanding of tumor progression, help to identify new targets for treatment, and improve monitoring of treatment response and development of resistance.

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PET/CT Imaging in Oncology: Exceptions That Prove the Rule

Cited by 3 publications

References 8 publications

Circulating Tumor DNA Detection in Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients by Targeted Sequencing

Circulating Tumor DNA Detection in Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients by Targeted Sequencing

Circulating Cell-Free Tumour DNA in the Management of Cancer

Liquid Biopsies for Assessing Metastatic Melanoma Progression

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