PET-CT and Occupational Exposure in Oncological Patients

Abstract

The paper describes the results of retrospective epidemiological study on low dose effects of diagnostic radiation exposure to humans. The data used in the study has been collected from archives of Chelyabinsk Regional Clinical Center of Oncology and Nuclear Medicine during the project for creating the local electronic database of Ozyorsk patients examined with computed tomography (CTDB). The study group consisted of oncological patients who have received positron-emission computed tomography (PET-CT). All patients in the study group were residents of Ozyorsk – the town in South Ural where the “Mayak” production association, also known as 1st Russian nuclear enterprise is located. The main purpose of the study was to understand whether the number of PET-CT scans, as well as other radiation risk factors influences the mortality in the exposed group. The follow-up period started in 2010 since the first PET-CT scans has been performed, and ended in June, 2019. Radiation dose for oncological patients exposed to PET-CT has been compared with the cumulative dose from occupational exposure. Vital status and cause of death of patients who died to the end of follow-up has been established using the data of National Cancer Registry in part located in the Chelyabinsk Regional Clinical Center of Oncology and Nuclear Medicine. Cancer mortality has been analysed depending on age of patient, sex, number of PET-CT examinations, and presence of occupational exposure, using the logistic regression model. Main radiation risk factors influencing cancer mortality has been established.

A review on chest CT scanning parameters implemented in COVID-19 patients: bringing low-dose CT protocols into play

“…The number and dose of CT studies are one of the largest sources of imaging exposure. A typical chest CT scanning delivers a dose of 4–7 mSv to the patient [ 18 ], and it raises the risk of cancer incidence and mortality [ 19 , 20 ]. Thus, although CT scan has played an important role in the management of COVID-19-infected patients, it can promote malignancy.…”

The occult nodal metastasis rate of early tongue cancer (T1–T2)

“…Also, anthropomorphic phantoms of the head and neck can be used for CT scans, which reduce radiation risk while maintaining image quality. [ 44 ] However, in the study by Osipov et al, [ 45 ] diagnostic exposure of PET-CT did not reveal significant effect on mortality.…”

Brain metastases assessment by FDG-PET/CT: can it eliminate the necessity for dedicated brain imaging?

“…Additionally, logistic issues like scanning time in an active PET service and the extra brain scanning time will reduce the overall number of patients scanned per day [19]. Radiation exposure could be considered a downside of the discussed modality; however, Osipov et al showed that diagnostic exposure due to repeated PET-CT examinations in a group of oncological patients was not associated with changes in mortality [47]. Reduced kilovolts (kVs) with automatic exposure control were a suggested attempt to optimize the radiation exposure in head and neck scans [48].…”