Pet and Captive Birds as Potential Reservoirs of Zoonotic Bacteria

Luca, Carlotta De; Niero, Giulia; Cattarossi, Diego; Bedin, M.; Piccirillo, Alessandra

doi:10.1053/j.jepm.2017.10.017

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…were tested. The findings imply that these microorganisms are sporadic discoveries rather than regular inhabitants of the digestive tracts of pet birds and captive birds of prey [3].…”

Section: Campylobacteriosismentioning

confidence: 90%

“…One Falconidaehybrid out of 444 was examined for Salmonella spp. tested positive for S. Livingstone, with a prevalence of up to 0.23% [3]. Salmonella spp.…”

Section: Salmonellosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pet bird zoonosesarean emerging public health issue, especially as pet bird ownership increases day by day, and the proportion of reservoirs of zoonotic diseases increases. Many pet bird owners are often unaware of the risks their pets may cause and, as a result, engage in husbandry and hygiene practices that increase the likelihood of acquiring and developing diseases [3]. The occurrence of zoonoses depends on several factors such asthe duration of exposure, the virulence of the pathogen, pathogenic survival, route of infection and transmission, and vector availability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Public Health Threats from Pet Bird Zoonoses

Nair

Anil

Sivaprasad

et al. 2022

JSRR

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The very high exotic or genetic value made pet birds, likecanaries, parakeets, and parrots a choice for trade across countries and continents, and the capability of these birds to act aspotential carriers or transmitters of zoonotic diseases contributes a significant threat to humans. Birds are characterized and known for their susceptibility, transmission, and maintenance of pathogens that are zoonotic to humans. Some of the zoonotic diseases they spread, such as highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), salmonellosis, and chlamydophilosishave a significant impact on human health and these things make this issue a one health concern. Zoonotic diseases among birds areclassified as bacterial, viral, fungal, and of parasitic origin. The intensity with which they affect humans varies according to their pathogenicity and virulence. The awareness of pet bird zoonosesis of prime importance while trading or domesticating the bird, which will help to understand their potential fordiseases and install preventive measures accordingly. This review paper aims to educate readers about the risks faced by bird owners and the public by describing several instances of bird-human disease transmission and the characteristicsymptoms of those diseases.

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“…were tested. The findings imply that these microorganisms are sporadic discoveries rather than regular inhabitants of the digestive tracts of pet birds and captive birds of prey [3].…”

Section: Campylobacteriosismentioning

confidence: 90%

“…One Falconidaehybrid out of 444 was examined for Salmonella spp. tested positive for S. Livingstone, with a prevalence of up to 0.23% [3]. Salmonella spp.…”

Section: Salmonellosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Public Health Threats from Pet Bird Zoonoses

Nair

Anil

Sivaprasad

et al. 2022

JSRR

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“…In Europe, it currently inhabits primarily the western and southern parts of the continent, including Great Britain, France, and Spain, as well as northern Scandinavia and Russia [5,6]. Due to food conditions, fairly close contact with livestock or companion animals, and indirect contact with humans, the peregrine falcon may be exposed to human pathogenic microorganisms, including Campylobacter spp., Salmonella, E. coli or Mycoplasma [7][8][9]. Due to close contact with rapidly developing urban environments, peregrine falcons can also be exposed to toxic elements such as cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and lead (Pb), which can affect their health status, welfare, and immunity, with increased susceptibility to infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The presence of pathogens and heavy metals in urban peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus)

et al. 2021

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Background and Aim: Wild birds raised in urban environments may be exposed to many negative factors, including biological and chemical toxic elements. The aim of the study was to assess the occurrence of bacteria and parasites in wild birds, based on the example of the peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) as a potential indicator of bacterial drug resistance genes. Toxicological contamination was also analyzed to determine the impact of urbanized areas on this predatory species, in terms of its health, welfare, and survival in urban environments. Materials and Methods: The samples consisted of down feathers and fresh feces obtained from seven falcon chicks (during obligatory veterinary examination) reared in two nests located in the Lublin region (Lublin and Pulawy). Bacteria and parasites were isolated directly from feces by classical microbiological methods, polymerase chain reaction, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MS). The down feathers and feces of birds were used for toxicological testing by plasma inductively coupled plasma MS to assess the concentrations of selected heavy metals (cadmium [Cd], lead [Pb], arsenic [As], zinc [Zn], and copper [Cu]). Results: The study revealed the presence of a diverse microbiome in the falcon chicks, among which Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp., and Staphylococcus spp. bacteria and parasites of the genus Caryospora were dominant. The presence of drug resistance genes was also confirmed among the pathogens. The toxicological analysis found high concentrations of toxic heavy metals, including Cd, Pb, As, and Zn, in the downy feathers and feces of peregrine chicks. Conclusion: Predatory free-living birds living in urban environments not only can be infected with various pathogens but may also show contamination with heavy metals, which could influence their natural resistance, condition, and welfare.

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“…The works of many authors are devoted to the study of the body of free-living birds as a reservoir of infectious diseases [4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Many publications describe modern methods of diagnostics of pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms [11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical activity of the microflora of a free-living bird

2020

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Free-living birds have a wide range of habitats, can be present in the wild, near human homes, livestock and poultry complexes, farms. As a result of migration and migration of birds, the probability of spreading infectious diseases increases. In the body of birds, the pathogen can persist, multiply, be released into the external environment, and then enter the body of a healthy animal or bird, becoming the cause of new cases of the disease. Detection of pathogenic microflora in the body of free-living birds, determination of their biochemical activity is one of the aspects of studying pathogens in the parasitic phase of existence. The identification of biologically active bacteria allows us to predict the probability of free-living poultry participating in the epizootic process, and to plan appropriate preventive measures in poultry and animal husbandry. The purpose of the study is to study the species composition and biochemical activity of the microflora of the free-living birds of the Amur region. For research on the territory of the Amur region, impregnations from beaks and cloaks. The study identified such microorganisms as Enterococcus, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Citrobacter, Actinobacillus, Escherichia, Micrococcus, Aspergillus, Enterobacter, Salmonella, Proteus, and Staphylococcus. Biochemical activity was detected in microorganisms of Enterococcus faecalis, Acinetobacter iwoffi, Actinobacillus species, Enterobacter aecum, Staphуlococcus кloossi, Staphуlococcus hуicus, Staphуlococcus aureus, Staphуlococcus epidermidis, and Staphylococcus saprophуticus. Enzymatic properties of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6.8%), Pseudomonas species (6.4%), and Micrococcus candidus (1.2%) had weakly expressed enzymatic properties.

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Pet and Captive Birds as Potential Reservoirs of Zoonotic Bacteria

Cited by 7 publications

References 12 publications

Public Health Threats from Pet Bird Zoonoses

Public Health Threats from Pet Bird Zoonoses

The presence of pathogens and heavy metals in urban peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus)

Biochemical activity of the microflora of a free-living bird

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