Pests and diseases on Falcataria moluccana trees in agroforestry systems with pineapple in East Java, Indonesia

Abstract

Abstract. Rahayu S, Triyogo A, Widyastuti SM, Musyafa’, Ardianyah F. 2021. Pests and diseases on Falcataria moluccana trees in agroforestry systems with pineapple in East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 2779-2788. The agroforestry system using Falcataria moluccana (Sengon) and Ananas comosus (pineapple) is considered as a profitable intercropping system in Indonesia. To make it viable, it is necessary to evaluate the effect of mixed cropping on the incidence and severity of diseases and pests on Sengon trees and apply management measures. The present study was conducted (i) to assess the pest and disease problems on Sengon trees in the agroforestry system and (ii) to identify the most harmful pathogen/pest which affects the growth and causes mortality of Sengon trees at the beginning of intercropping and after the removal of pineapple from the system. Incidence of pests and diseases were assessed in 3 replicate blocks with one-year-old Sengon trees mixed with pineapple, and in another 3 plots with four-year-old Sengon trees from where pineapple was removed after harvesting. Sengon and pineapple were planted in the plots using alley cropping method with 3 x 4 m2 spacing. The results showed that there were no significant pest and disease problems on pineapple. However, Sengon was infested by the white grub Lepidiota stigma, gall rust caused by the fungus Uromycladium falcatarium, the stem borer Xystrocera festiva, and mistletoe Scurrula sp. However, stem borer and gall rust were the only pest and disease issues recorded in the monocultures of Sengon in Indonesia. The occurrence of stem borer and gall rust disease had a significant effect on the diameter growth of trees and in some instances, these caused mortality of one-year-old trees. Significant mortality of four-year-old trees was caused by mistletoe infestation only. Although the incidence of gall rust and stem borer in the agroforestry system was not significantly low compared to the monoculture, the former had wider spacing between trees, more open canopy and resultant low humidity and faster wind speed reduced the severity of the gall rust disease and stem borer attack. However, the intercropping resulted in the white grub attack on young Sengon trees which calls for application of contaminant-free fertilizers in pineapple plantings.

Growth of three types of sengon (Paraserianthes spp.) in varying planting spaces in agroforestry system

“…Roots play an important role in nutrient and water absorptions which will be distributed to all plant parts, resulting in a good photosynthesis process and other metabolisms (Wijayanto and Hidayanthi 2012). Besides increasing growth, the agroforestry system also becomes a way to suppress pest and disease developments (Rahayu et al 2021). In the studied area, damaged sengon caused by disease and pest was low, and there were only found damaged branch or tip death caused by weather.…”

“…Along with the increased organic carbon content, the soil C/N ratio and organic materials in the agroforestry land can promote plant growth (Utomo et al 2016). The intercropping system in agroforestry can also reduce the spread of pests and diseases (Lestari et al 2013;Rahayu et al 2021) compared to the monoculture system (Darwiati and Anggraeni 2018;Nugroho et al 2021). From a socioeconomic view, the agroforestry system is a win-win option that can become an income source for the community (Premono and Lestari 2018;Pachas et al 2019) without changing the field tradition (huma) (Iskandar et al 2017).…”

Population dynamics of Zeuzera spp. (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) on Eucalyptus pellita plantation in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia

“…(swollen stem, frass, broken top crown, fork stem), stem form, and diameter (DBH) for Clone 170 and ID_063. The information obtained in the survey activities is the incidence of damage (Rahayu et al 2021), accumulated damage of each clone of E. pellita, and grouping of compartments by damage category. and block 6 (111 0 46' 12.548'' -2 0 7' 24.284'…”

Diversity and infestation of mistletoes in cultivation of sengon (Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) Barneby&J.W.Grimes) in Malang East Java Indonesia

“…Studying of pests' diversity, population and infestation on plants cultivation is important in pests control management to increase plants growth and yield. The Study of pests such as insects and fungus on sengon has been reported more during this time such as gall rust disease (Uromycladium falcatarium [16], Xystrocera festiva [17], Aspergillus niger [18] Eurema blanda, and Schistocerca pallens [19]. However, the study of mistletoes diversity, infestation and severity on sengon has not been reported, especially in Malang Regency East Java even in Java.…”