Pestivirus and alphaherpesvirus infections in Swedish reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus L.)

Kautto, Arja Helena; Alenius, Stefan; Mossing, Torgny; Becher, Paul; Belák, Sándór; Larska, Magdalena

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.10.018

Cited by 47 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…We observed a strong effect of age on risk of exposure to both pestivirus and alphaherpesvirus, with adult caribou the most likely to be exposed in both cases. This is consistent with previous Rangifer studies [85,87,90,97], and not unexpected since older animals have had a longer period of potential exposure to the virus. In addition, alphaherpesvirus can establish latency and may be re-activated under stressful conditions.…”

Section: Alphaherpesvirus and Pestivirussupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The high seroprevalence for alphaherpesvirus and pestivirus in all herds (with the exception of KA and AK) is in accord with most previous serological surveys for these viruses in Rangifer worldwide [49,68,75,[84][85][86][87][88][89][90]. Although the assays used in this study detected antibodies reacting against antigens of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1), they also cross-react with antibodies to cervid-specific viruses [91,92].…”

Section: Alphaherpesvirus and Pestivirussupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Caribou seropositive for alphaherpesvirus were more than twice as likely to also be seropositive for pestivirus, and vice versa. Such an interaction was observed in a serological survey of semi-domesticated reindeer in Sweden [87] and co-infections have been noted in reindeer in Norway [100], but our findings are the first evidence of this interaction in wild caribou. BVDV and BHV-1 infection in cattle are both associated with immunosuppression and may predispose infected individuals to secondary infections [101,102].…”

Section: Alphaherpesvirus and Pestivirussupporting

confidence: 72%

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Multi-pathogen serological survey of migratory caribou herds: A snapshot in time

et al. 2019

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Pathogens can impact host survival, fecundity, and population dynamics even when no obvious disease is observed. Few baseline data on pathogen prevalence and diversity of caribou are available, which hampers our ability to track changes over time and evaluate impacts on caribou health. Archived blood samples collected from ten migratory caribou herds in Canada and two in Greenland were used to test for exposure to pathogens that have the potential to effect population productivity, are zoonotic or are emerging. Relationships between seroprevalence and individual, population, and other health parameters were also examined. For adult caribou, the highest overall seroprevalence was for alphaherpesvirus (49%, n = 722), pestivirus (49%, n = 572) and Neospora caninum (27%, n = 452). Lower seroprevalence was found for parainfluenza virus type 3 (9%, n = 708), Brucella suis (2%, n = 758), and Toxoplasma gondii (2%, n = 706). No animal tested positive for antibodies against West Nile virus (n = 418) or bovine respiratory syncytial virus (n = 417). This extensive multi-pathogen survey of migratory caribou herds provides evidence that caribou are exposed to pathogens that may have impacts on herd health and revealed potential interactions between pathogens as well as geographical differences in pathogen exposure that could be linked to the bio-geographical history of caribou. Caribou are a keystone species and the socioeconomic cornerstone of many indigenous cultures across the North. The results from this study highlight the urgent need for a better understanding of pathogen diversity and the impact of pathogens on caribou health.

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Section: Alphaherpesvirus and Pestivirussupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Alphaherpesvirus and Pestivirussupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Alphaherpesvirus and Pestivirussupporting

confidence: 72%

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Multi-pathogen serological survey of migratory caribou herds: A snapshot in time

et al. 2019

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“…In practice however, the results of an experimental study in red deer showing no transmission to in contact deer caused the authors to conclude that eradication of BoHV-1 in deer, if present, was not required for successful eradication in the cattle population [23]. Conversely, the presence of other alphaherpesviruses in deer has not prevented the successful eradication of BoHV-1 in cattle in Norway and Sweden [59, 60]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A survey of free-ranging deer in Ireland for serological evidence of exposure to bovine viral diarrhoea virus, bovine herpes virus-1, bluetongue virus and Schmallenberg virus

et al. 2017

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BackgroundDeer are an important wildlife species in both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland having colonised most regions across the island of Ireland. In comparison to cattle and sheep which represent the main farmed ruminant species on the island, there is a lack of data concerning their exposure, as measured by the presence of antibodies, to important viral pathogens of ruminants. A study was therefore undertaken to investigate the seroprevalence of wild deer to four viruses, namely bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV), bovine herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1), Schmallenberg virus (SBV) and bluetongue virus (BTV).ResultsTwo panels of sera were assembled; Panel 1 comprised 259 samples (202 collected in the Republic of Ireland and 57 in Northern Ireland) between 2013 and 2015, while Panel 2 comprised 131 samples collected in the Republic of Ireland between 2014 and 2015. Overall sika deer (Cervus nippon) were sampled most commonly (54.8%), followed by fallow deer (Dama dama) (35.3%), with red deer (Cervus elaphus) (4.3%) and hybrid species (0.3%) sampled less frequently, with the species not being recorded for the remaining 5.3% of deer sampled. Age was not recorded for 96 of the 390 deer sampled. 196 of the remainder were adults, while 68 and 30 were yearlings and calves, respectively. Using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, true prevalence and 95% confidence intervals were calculated as 9.9%, (6.8-13.0% CI), SBV; 1.5% (0.1-3.0% CI), BoHV-1; 0.0%, 0-1.7% CI), BVDV; and 0.0%, (0.01-0.10% CI), BTV.ConclusionsThe results indicate a very low seroprevalence for both BVDV and BoHV-1 in the wild deer tested within the study and, are consistent with a very low prevalence in Ireland. While serological cross-reaction with cervid herpesviruses cannot be excluded, the results in both cases suggest that the presence of these viruses in deer is not a significant risk to their control and eradication from the cattle population. This is important given the ongoing programme to eradicate BVDV in Ireland and deliberations on a national eradication programme for BoHV-1. The SBV results show consistency with those reported from cattle and sheep on the island of Ireland, while the BTV results are consistent with this virus remaining exotic to Ireland. The results provide a baseline against which future surveys of either wild or farmed/captive deer populations can be compared.

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“…The susceptibility of reindeer to pestivirus A infection has been experimentally demonstrated (20) and a pestivirus (V60-Krefeld), phylogenetically and antigenically closely related to pestivirus D and reclassified as a genotype of this species (19), was isolated from a captive reindeer in Duisburg Zoo, Germany (21,22). Serological screenings have demonstrated that pestivirus infections are present in semi-domesticated reindeer in Fennoscandia (23,24) and in caribou in North America (25).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multi-Pathogen Screening of Captive Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) in Germany Based on Serological and Molecular Assays

et al. 2019

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Captive reindeer in German zoos and wildlife parks live outside their natural geographic range and are exposed to a variety of viral, bacterial and protozoan pathogens, some host-specific and some which they are not exposed to in their native habitat. Reindeer blood samples and ticks collected in 2013 from 123 reindeer at 16 different zoological facilities were available from a previous study. The aims of this study were to assess the serological status of these animals with regards to various microorganisms as well as to test ticks (Ixodes ricinus) and blood samples for the presence of Anaplasma spp. DNA in order to evaluate the exposure of captive reindeer in Germany to a variety of pathogens. A total of 119 or 118 serum samples were screened (ELISA) and antibodies were detected (seropositive/tested, prevalence, confidence interval) against alphaherpesvirus (24/119, 20.

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Pestivirus and alphaherpesvirus infections in Swedish reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus L.)

Cited by 47 publications

References 47 publications

Multi-pathogen serological survey of migratory caribou herds: A snapshot in time

Multi-pathogen serological survey of migratory caribou herds: A snapshot in time

A survey of free-ranging deer in Ireland for serological evidence of exposure to bovine viral diarrhoea virus, bovine herpes virus-1, bluetongue virus and Schmallenberg virus

A Multi-Pathogen Screening of Captive Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) in Germany Based on Serological and Molecular Assays

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