Pesticides in the Southern Agricultural Growth Corridor of Tanzania (SAGCOT) : a scoping study of current and future use, associated risks and identification of actions for risk mitigation

Lahr, J.; Buij, Ralph; Katagira, Franciska; Valk, H.

doi:10.18174/394164

Cited by 10 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The use of pesticides seems comparable between these countries. However, the known extensive use of fungicides in the flower and horticultural industry in Kenya and in the farming regions of Tanzania likely established environments (hot spots) that enabled the selection and dissemination of triazole-resistant isolates in the immediacies of the screened locations in these countries that could explain the increased prevalences observed [49,53]. Whether our observed low prevalence of triazole-resistant A. fumigatus isolates of 2.2% in Nigeria or its absence in Benin represents current situations or is secondary to sampling locations will require further investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triazole-Resistance in Environmental Aspergillus fumigatus in Latin American and African Countries

Reséndiz-Sharpe

Dewaele²,

Merckx

et al. 2021

JoF

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Triazole-resistance has been reported increasingly in Aspergillus fumigatus. An international expert team proposed to avoid triazole monotherapy for the initial treatment of invasive aspergillosis in regions with >10% environmental-resistance, but this prevalence is largely unknown for most American and African countries. Here, we screened 584 environmental samples (soil) from urban and rural locations in Mexico, Paraguay, and Peru in Latin America and Benin and Nigeria in Africa for triazole-resistant A. fumigatus. Samples were screened using triazole-containing agars and confirmed as triazole-resistant by the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) broth dilution reference method. Isolates were further characterized by cyp51A sequencing and short-tandem repeat typing. Fungicide presence in samples was likewise determined. Among A. fumigatus positive samples, triazole-resistance was detected in 6.9% (7/102) of samples in Mexico, 8.3% (3/36) in Paraguay, 9.8% (6/61) in Peru, 2.2% (1/46) in Nigeria, and none in Benin. Cyp51A gene mutations were present in most of the triazole-resistant isolates (88%; 15/17). The environmentally-associated mutations TR34/L98H and TR46/Y121F/T289A were prevalent in Mexico and Peru, and isolates harboring these mutations were closely related. For the first time, triazole-resistant A. fumigatus was found in environmental samples in Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Nigeria with a prevalence of 7–10% in the Latin American countries. Our findings emphasize the need to establish triazole-resistance surveillance programs in these countries.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triazole-Resistance in Environmental Aspergillus fumigatus in Latin American and African Countries

Reséndiz-Sharpe

Dewaele²,

Merckx

et al. 2021

JoF

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“…Informal channels are prone to supply fake fertilisers and pesticides of low quality (Lahr et al 2016;Wilson and Lewis 2015).…”

Section: Input Supplymentioning

confidence: 99%

Agricultural Commercialisation and the Political Economy of Value Chains: Tanzania Rice Case Study

Mdoe¹,

Mlay²

2021

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This paper presents the political economy of rice commercialisation in Tanzania. It is based on a review of trade policies, regulations, strategies, and programmes implemented since the 1960s to promote rice commercialisation, and the views of key informants. Key findings that emerge from the review of literature and key informant interviews indicate that the performance of the value chain over time has been negatively affected by the combined effects of the policies, regulations, strategies, and programmes implemented concurrently.

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“…In addition, there is legislation supporting pesticide registration and post-registration activities in Tanzania (e.g., Plant Protection Act 1997 and Plant Protection Regulations 1998). 37 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental and Health Risks of Pesticide Use in Ethiopia

Negatu

Dugassa

Mekonnen

2021

Journal of Health and Pollution

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Background. There are frequent reports of unsafe pesticide use in many parts of Africa. Ethiopia is the second most populous nation in Africa with around 80% of the population still depending on agriculture which intensively uses pesticides. A number of studies have examined pesticide-related health and environmental risks in Ethiopia. However, most of these studies have been small in scale and it is therefore challenging to get a general overview of the extent of health risks and level of environmental contamination in the country. Objectives. The aim of the present study was to synthesize and summarize contemporary knowledge on pesticide-related risks and relevant gaps in Ethiopia. Methods. An electronic database search and gathering of grey literature were done to collect information on the risks of pesticide use in Ethiopia. The electronic search was conducted using MEDLINE (via PubMed) without any publication date or language specifications. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses (PRISMA) checklist was used as guide in the creation of this review. Discussion. A synthesis of the reviewed studies showed evidence of health risks due to occupational pesticide exposure, surface water pollution with pesticides that could cause chronic health risks to the public, evidence of pesticide contamination of the environment (e.g., soil organisms, fish, bee colonies and wildlife) and local as well as international consumer risks due to pesticide residues in food items. In addition, there have been frequent reports of health and environmental hazards in association with cut-flower farms. There is also evidence of direct use of DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) on food crops and detection of DDT residues in surface water, soil and human breast milk. Those reported risks might be due to lack of knowledge among farm workers, negligence of farm owners, absence of post-registration monitoring systems and poor implementation of both national and international regulations in Ethiopia due to poor institutional capacity. Conclusions. The health and environmental risks of inappropriate use of pesticides requires action by all concerned bodies. Improved institutional arrangements for enforcement of regulations, awareness and further intervention studies could lessen the high risks of pesticide misuse. Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests.

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Pesticides in the Southern Agricultural Growth Corridor of Tanzania (SAGCOT) : a scoping study of current and future use, associated risks and identification of actions for risk mitigation

Cited by 10 publications

References 32 publications

Triazole-Resistance in Environmental Aspergillus fumigatus in Latin American and African Countries

Triazole-Resistance in Environmental Aspergillus fumigatus in Latin American and African Countries

Agricultural Commercialisation and the Political Economy of Value Chains: Tanzania Rice Case Study

Environmental and Health Risks of Pesticide Use in Ethiopia

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