Pesticides in ambient air, influenced by surrounding land use and weather, pose a potential threat to biodiversity and humans

Zaller, Johann G.; Kruse-Plaß, Maren; Schlechtriemen, Ulrich; Gruber, Edith; Peer, Maria; Nadeem, Imran; Formayer, Herbert; Hutter, Hans-Peter; Landler, Lukas

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156012

Cited by 70 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…Energy consumption per ha of herbicide production exceeded that for all other pesticide types in sugar beet production [17]. Reducing pesticide use would have the positive side effect of reducing toxic exposure not only in the field, but also in ambient air and non-agricultural areas [44][45][46][47][48][49]. We assume that the pesticide-related GHG emissions we reported for sugar beet are higher for wheat but lower for maize, because the corresponding mean pesticide treatment frequency indices are higher for wheat (5.3 vs. 4.0 for wheat vs. sugar beet, respectively) and lower for maize (1.9 vs. 4.0 for maize vs. sugar beet, respectively; mean values 2011-2020 for Germany [27]).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since climate change and warming in Austria have already increased about twice as much as the global average since 1880 [70], all feasible steps to further reduce GHG emission seem imperative. Reducing pesticide use would have numerous benefits in addition to reducing GHG emissions [71], including positive effects on biodiversity above and below ground [12,72,73] and reducing pesticide contamination of ambient air [47,48]. It should be noted, however, that focusing exclusively on reductions of pesticide amounts may overlook a shift to lighter but more toxic and more persistent substances [44,47,[74][75][76].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pesticide Use and Associated Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Sugar Beet, Apples, and Viticulture in Austria from 2000 to 2019

2022

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The production of synthetic pesticides is energy intensive and can emit even more greenhouse gases (GHG) per kg than the production of synthetic fertilizers. However, this aspect is largely neglected when it comes to agriculture’s contribution to GHG emissions. Using official pesticide sales data from Austria from 2000 to 2019, we analyzed (i) trends in insecticide, fungicide, and herbicide use and calculated production-related GHG emissions, and (ii) the share of pesticide-related versus fertilizer-related GHG emissions in three agricultural crops with different pesticide intensities: sugar beets, apples, and grapevines. We found that between 2000 and 2019, insecticide amounts increased by 58%, fungicide amounts increased by 29%, and herbicide amounts decreased by 29%; associated GHG emissions showed similar patterns. During the same period, acreage under conventional arable crops, orchards, and vineyards decreased by an average of 19%, indicating an increase in management intensity. In intensive apple production, GHG emissions associated with pesticide production and application accounted for 51% of total GHG emissions, in viticulture 37%, and in sugar beets 12%. We have shown that GHG emissions due to pesticide production and application can be significant, especially for pesticide-intensive crops. We therefore recommend that these pesticide-derived GHG emissions should also be attributed to the agricultural sector.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticide Use and Associated Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Sugar Beet, Apples, and Viticulture in Austria from 2000 to 2019

2022

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“…9,10 Therefore, both persistent organic effluents and multiresistant microorganisms are objects of current environmental problems, which seriously compromise the future of the next generations and the maintenance of species in the most different ecosystems. 11,12 The World Health Organization (WHO) confirms that contamination by resistant microorganisms was responsible for 1.27 million deaths worldwide in 2019, and that the projection made by the world bank for the additional costs of maintaining global public health, will reach the US$ 1 trillion mark by the year 2050. 13 Among the multiresistant pathogenic microorganisms, there are urgent threats the microorganisms Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter, Candida auris (C. auris), Clostridioides diff icile (C. dif f icile), Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), and Drug-resistant Neisseria gonorrheae (N. gonorrheae).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solvent Effect on the Structural, Optical, Morphology, and Antimicrobial Activity of Silver Phosphate Microcrystals by Conventional Hydrothermal Method

Takeno,

Nobre,

da Costa

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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The design of particle size and morphology are a promising approach to investigating the properties exhibited by different types of materials. In the present study, the silver phosphate microcrystals (Ag3PO4) were first time synthesized using the hydrothermal and solvothermal method by combination of the solvents water/isopropyl alcohol (SP-IA), water/acetone (SP-AC), water/ammonium hydroxide (AP-AH), all in a ratio of 1:1 (v/v). The synthesized materials were structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Rietveld refinement, and Raman vibrational spectroscopy, where it was confirmed that the pure phase was achieved for all prepared samples. The study of the optical properties by UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–vis/DRS) and colorimetry revealed that the obtained materials have an optical bandgap between 2.30 and 2.32 eV. The FE-SEM images collected revealed different morphologies for the synthesized materials, with a predominance of tetraploid-shaped microcrystals for the SP-AC sample, rods for the SP-IA sample, cubes and polyhedral for the SP-WT sample and condensed polyhedral for the SP-AH sample. The photocatalytic performance against the Rhodamine B dye (RhB) was 100%, 98.2%, 94.2%, and 87.8%, using the samples SP-AC, SP-IA, SP-WT, and SP-AH as photocatalyst at time of 12 min. On the other hand, the antimicrobial performance of SP-AC sample showed superior performance, resulting in the minimum inhibitory concentrationMIC of 7.81 μg mL–1 for the strain of E. coli, 7.81 μg mL–1 for the strain of E. aureus, 15.62 μg mL–1 for the strain of P. auruginosa, and 15.62 μg mL–1 for the strains of C. albicans. In this way, was synthesized a promissory antimicrobial and photocatalyst material, through an easy and cost-effective method.

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“…In addition, all pesticides are harmful to human health, and the possible adverse health consequences include dermatitis, neuropsychiatric disorders, cancer, and reproductive function damage ( 7 , 8 ). In previous surveys in China, Bangladesh, Austria, and other countries and regions, it was found that a certain percentage of farmers had symptoms of discomfort after using pesticides ( 9 – 11 ). Therefore, how to reduce the use of pesticides to reduce the risk of pesticides is a major practical problem to be solved in the sustainable development of agriculture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk cognition, agricultural cooperatives training, and farmers' pesticide overuse: Evidence from Shandong Province, China

Ren

Jiang²

2022

Front. Public Health

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IntroductionPesticides are widely and excessively used in the world. Reducing pesticide overuse is an important measure to protect the environment and human health.MethodsBased on the survey data of 518 farmers in Shandong Province, China, using the Logit model to empirically test the effect of risk cognition on farmers' pesticide overuse behavior and the moderating effect of cooperatives training on the effect of risk cognition on farmers' pesticide overuse behavior.Results and discussionWe found that 21.24% of farmers overused pesticides. The three dimensions of risk cognition have significant negative effects on farmers' behavior of excessive pesticide use, among which the human health risk cognition has the largest impact (0.74), followed by food safety risk cognition (0.68) and ecological environment risk cognition (0.63). Cooperatives training has a positive moderating effect on the relationship between risk cognition and pesticide overuse behavior, that is, when risk cognition matches farmers participating in cooperatives training, the effect on reducing pesticide overuse is more significant. Years of education, planting scale and detection frequency of pesticide residues have significant effects on farmers' pesticide overuse.ConclusionsThe government should help farmers reduce pesticide overuse by improving risk cognition, developing agricultural cooperatives and perfecting guarantee conditions.

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Pesticides in ambient air, influenced by surrounding land use and weather, pose a potential threat to biodiversity and humans

Cited by 70 publications

References 90 publications

Pesticide Use and Associated Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Sugar Beet, Apples, and Viticulture in Austria from 2000 to 2019

Pesticide Use and Associated Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Sugar Beet, Apples, and Viticulture in Austria from 2000 to 2019

Solvent Effect on the Structural, Optical, Morphology, and Antimicrobial Activity of Silver Phosphate Microcrystals by Conventional Hydrothermal Method

Risk cognition, agricultural cooperatives training, and farmers' pesticide overuse: Evidence from Shandong Province, China

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