Pesticides and tropical biodiversity

Wanger, Thomas Cherico; Rauf, Abdul; Schwarze, Stefan

doi:10.1890/10.wb.015

Cited by 26 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Although labor could be expected to be either biodiversity-neutral or supportive of biodiversity if it replaces pesticide inputs, pesticide use can be expected to have strong negative impacts on biodiversity. Use of pesticides in Sulawesi cacao has been strongly increasing (31), despite little effectiveness against pests (32). Our results reflected this as pesticides were not correlated with pest and disease incidence, suggesting a bias toward higher pesticide expenses in productive plots rather an actual reduction in crop losses.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining high biodiversity with high yields in tropical agroforests

Clough

Barkmann

Juhrbandt

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

370

221

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Local and landscape-scale agricultural intensification is a major driver of global biodiversity loss. Controversially discussed solutions include wildlife-friendly farming or combining high-intensity farming with land-sparing for nature. Here, we integrate biodiversity and crop productivity data for smallholder cacao in Indonesia to exemplify for tropical agroforests that there is little relationship between yield and biodiversity under current management, opening substantial opportunities for wildlife-friendly management. Species richness of trees, fungi, invertebrates, and vertebrates did not decrease with yield. Moderate shade, adequate labor, and input level can be combined with a complex habitat structure to provide high biodiversity as well as high yields. Although livelihood impacts are held up as a major obstacle for wildlife-friendly farming in the tropics, our results suggest that in some situations, agroforests can be designed to optimize both biodiversity and crop production benefits without adding pressure to convert natural habitat to farmland.agroecosystems | ecosystem services | ecology-economy trade-offs | endemic species richness | shade trees

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Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining high biodiversity with high yields in tropical agroforests

Clough

Barkmann

Juhrbandt

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

370

221

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“…A ubiquitous (yet expensive and often unsuccessful) approach to controlling invasive ant species in poor developing countries is the heavy application of pesticides, which can also damage native biodiversity and human health [10]. Theoretically, native diversity could provide free services by controlling invasive ants and mitigating pesticide use [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endemic predators, invasive prey and native diversity

et al. 2010

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Interactions between native diversity and invasive species can be more complex than is currently understood. Invasive ant species often substantially reduce diversity in the native ants diversity that act as natural control agents for pest insects. In Indonesia (on the island of Sulawesi), the third largest cacao producer worldwide, we show that a predatory endemic toad (Ingerophrynus celebensis) controls invasive ant (Anoplolepis gracilipes) abundance, and positively affects native ant diversity. We call this the invasive-naivety effect (an opposite of enemy release), whereby alien species may not harbour antipredatory defences against a novel native predator. A positive effect of the toads on native ants may facilitate their predation on insect vectors of cacao diseases. Hence, toads may increase crop yield, but further research is needed on this aspect. Ironically, amphibians are globally the most threatened vertebrate class and are strongly impacted by the conversion of rainforest to cacao plantations in Sulawesi. It is, therefore, crucial to manage cacao plantations to maintain these endemic toads, as they may provide critical ecosystem services, such as invasion resistance and preservation of native insect diversity.

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“…Sebagai contoh, penggunaan lahan pertanian menjadi monokultur, menyebabkan penurunan keanekaragaman serangga dan serangga herbivor menjadi dominan (Altieri 1999). Aplikasi pestisida juga mempengaruhi keanekaragaman serangga (Wanger et al 2010) termasuk musuh alami dan serangga berguna lain seperti polinator (Brittain et al 2010), serta memicu terjadinya resistensi hama seperti wereng (Matsumura & Sanada-Morimura 2010). Pengurangan pohon naungan dalam sistem budidaya tanaman kakao juga berdampak negatif terhadap keanekaragaman serangga berguna (Klein et al 2002) termasuk keanekaragaman semut (Wielgoss et al 2010).…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Keanekaragaman Semut pada Persawahan di Daerah Urban: Investigasi Pengaruh Habitat Sekitar dan Perbedaan Umur Tanaman Padi

et al. 2015

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Agricultural intensification cause negative effect to insect diversity including beneficial insect such as natural enemies and pollinators. Habitat management through habitat heterogeneity is an alternative approach to protect insect diversity in agriculture area. In this study, we investigated the effect of habitat heterogeneity integrated with different age of crop plant in urban agricultural landscape to the ant diversity. The field research was conducted in agricultural area in Carang Pulang Village, Dramaga, Bogor. In around 6 ha area of rice field, grouped into four blocks which each block has different habitat condition and age of rice plant. In bunds of each block were put six pitfall traps with minimum distance 20 meter from each other. Ants were collected weekly from 6 until 12 weeks after planting to standardize the bunds condition. In total 22 species from 4 subfamilies of ants were recorded from this research. Iridomyrmex sp.01 and Odontoponera sp.01 are the common species which always found in each block and in different age of rice plant. There are no correlation between the distance of pitfall traps and similarity of ant species. In addition, habitat conditions surrounding rice field (block) significantly effect to the ant diversity. However, age of rice plant have no effect to the ant diversity.

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Pesticides and tropical biodiversity

Cited by 26 publications

References 2 publications

Combining high biodiversity with high yields in tropical agroforests

Combining high biodiversity with high yields in tropical agroforests

Endemic predators, invasive prey and native diversity

Keanekaragaman Semut pada Persawahan di Daerah Urban: Investigasi Pengaruh Habitat Sekitar dan Perbedaan Umur Tanaman Padi

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