Pesticides and Herbicides

Buchanan, Ian; Liang, H.C.; Liu, Zengkai; Razaviarani, Vahid

doi:10.2175/106143011x13075599869858

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…In conventional agriculture, farmers often control weeds using agro-chemicals. Since negative effects of chemical weed management methods on ecosystems, biodiversity and human health have been reported (Cox and Surgan, 2006;Buchanan et al, 2011;Blair et al, 2015;Holt et al, 2016), there have been many efforts to reduce their usage. In our analysis, we compared the impact of conservative weed management practices which do not require chemicals such as mow, manual controlling (treatment) against practices involving chemical applications (control).…”

Section: Management Types and Optionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of conservation farming practices on Mediterranean agro-ecosystem services provisioning—a meta-analysis

et al. 2019

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In the Mediterranean region, the long-term provision of agro-ecosystem services is threatened by accelerating climate change, unsustainable farming practices and other pressures. Alternative management practices such as conservation agriculture could be expected to ensure sustainability of ecosystem services from Mediterranean agro-ecosystems. Conservation agriculture is characterized by minimal soil disturbance, permanent soil cover, and diversification of crop species. We analyzed the impacts of several forms of alternative agricultural management practices (conservation tillage, cover cropping, mulching, manual weed management, organic fertilizer use, no-irrigation system) on multiple ecosystem services based on 155 published case studies (1994-2015). The effect size of various management options on four provisioning and four regulating ecosystem services were quantified. Impacts of conservation management options are not uniform. All regulating services were positively affected by the conservation management options except for the system without irrigation. In contrast, the provisioning services were inconsistently influenced by the conservation management options. For crop yield, environmentally sustainable soil management was beneficial, but organic fertilization (effect size =-0.17), manual weed management (effect size =-0.35) and no-irrigation system (effect size =-0.5) led to lower crop yields. The impact on crop biomass was mainly negative but not significant. Water availability was especially important to enhance both provisioning and regulating services. Overall, alternative agriculture management practices led to more positive than negative effects on ecosystem services in the study region. Stimulating the application of conservation management practices is therefore an important policy option for decision makers given the vulnerability of ecosystem services in the Mediterranean basin.

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Section: Management Types and Optionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of conservation farming practices on Mediterranean agro-ecosystem services provisioning—a meta-analysis

et al. 2019

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“…Rapid development of agrochemistry and the transition of agriculture to intensive technologies led to the appearance and application of a vast variety of chemicals, which can lead to their dissipation and subsequent accumulation in the biosphere [1,2]. A new direction, aimed at reducing the risk of the uncontrolled distribution of xenobiotics in the environment, is the development of a new generation of environmentally friendly herbicide formulations with a targeted and controlled release of the active ingredient owing to the use of specific coatings and/or carriers produced from biodegradable materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradable Polyhydroxyalkanoates as Herbicide Carriers

et al. 2012

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The biodegradable polymer poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) has been used to design experimental sustained-release formulations of the herbicide Zellek Super in the form of films and microgranules. The kinetics of polymer degradation and the dynamics of herbicide release show that the rate and extent of herbicide release from the polymer matrix into the soil depends on the geometry of the carrier and the proportion of the pesticide loaded into it (polymer/pesticide mass ratio). Experiments with the creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) show that the formulations of the herbicide Zellek Super constructed as microgranules and films can be successfully used to suppress the growth of grasses. This study is the first to demonstrate that biodegradable polyhydroxyalkanoates can be used effectively to construct environmentally friendly sustained-release PHA-herbicide systems that can be placed into the soil together with seeds.

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