Pesticide Use Practice and Associated Factors Among Rural Community of Malga District, Sidama Regional State, South Ethiopia

Abstract

In Ethiopia, like that of the other developing countries, pesticides are widely used for a variety of purposes, but their unsafe use causes a major environmental and health hazard. The aim of this study was to assess pesticide use practice and its associated factors among the rural community of Malga district, Sidama region, southern Ethiopia. A community based cross-sectional study was conducted from February to March 2021 at Malga District. Data were collected from 549 farmers by a structured and pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire. Binary and multivariable logistic regression was used for the data analysis. Adjusted odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to determine the association between safe practices of pesticide use and several related factors. Safe practice of pesticide use was observed in 193 (35.2%). The participants who had primary education [AOR = 5.605, 95% CI: 3.309, 9.495], secondary education and above [AOR = 9.847, 95% CI: 5.007, 19.368], used pesticide for 10 years and above [AOR = 6.790, 95% CI: 3.589, 12.843], used pesticide between 6 and 10 years [AOR = 1.913, 95% CI: 1.166, 3.141] pesticide bought from any shop [AOR = 2.320, 95% CI: 1.364, 3.947], agricultural office [AOR = 7.187, 95% CI: 3.654, 14.137] were associated with safe use of pesticides. The safe practice of pesticide use was low in the study area. Continuous training programs should be implemented on the safe practice of pesticide use to the local farmers.

Understanding determinants related to farmers’ protective measures towards pesticide exposure: A systematic review

“…The articles included in the analysis were based on studies conducted in the Australia (n = 1) [ 19 ], Iran (n = 4) [ 12 , 14 , 20 , 21 ], Canada (n = 1) [ 22 ], China (n = 1) [ 23 ], Uganda (n = 3) [ 24 – 26 ], Thailand (n = 3) [ 27 – 29 ], Egypt (n = 1) [ 30 ], Brazil (n = 2) [ 31 , 32 ] Nepal (n = 3) [ 33 – 35 ], Pakistan (n = 3) [ 36 – 38 ], Italy (n = 1) [ 39 ], Turkey (n = 1) [ 40 ], India (n = 1) [ 41 ], Malaysia (n = 1) [ 42 ], Ghana (n = 1) [ 43 ], Morocco (n = 2) [ 44 , 45 ], Nigeria (n = 2) [ 46 , 47 ], Vietnam (n = 1) [ 48 ], Philippine (n = 1) [ 49 ], Costa Rica and Uganda (n = 1) [ 50 ], and Ethiopia (n = 5) [ 51 – 55 ]. Among the 39 articles obtained in this study, sampling techniques included simple random sampling (n = 12) [ 19 , 22 , 25 , 26 , 28 , 30 , 38 , 41 , 48 , 52 , 53 , 55 ], quota sampling (n = 3) [ 34 , 36 , 44 ], systematic random sampling (n = 2) [ …”

“…Twenty five articles had considered gender [ 14 , 22 – 26 , 29 , 33 – 36 , 39 , 41 – 43 , 45 – 54 ]. The level of education had been examined for the participants in Twenty nine articles [ 12 , 14 , 19 – 27 , 29 – 31 , 33 – 37 , 39 – 41 , 43 – 46 , 48 – 55 ]. Also, the marital status of the participants had been investigated in seventeen studies [ 14 , 21 , 22 , 24 , 26 , 27 , 30 , 33 , 40 , 42 , 43 , 48 – 50 , 52 – 54 ].…”

“…The intention in two studies was considered to see what relationship it had with protective actions [ 12 , 14 ]. The locus of control [ 30 ], confidence, eagerness to learn, levels of readiness to change [ 28 ], health effects [ 38 ], perceived importance [ 55 ], decision making [ 44 ], and health consequences [ 45 ] each were investigated in one study. The perceived behavioral control, perceived susceptibility, and perceived severity were also only investigated in one study [ 12 ].…”

“…In three studies, gender had a statistically significant association with protective measures [ 23 , 33 , 42 ]. Also, in thirteen studies, the results showed that the level of education of farmers had a statistically significant association with protective measures [ 19 , 20 , 29 , 30 , 33 , 37 , 44 , 46 , 48 , 52 – 55 ]. The income of farmers also showed a statistically significant association with protective measures in two studies [ 28 , 50 ].…”

“…The income of farmers also showed a statistically significant association with protective measures in two studies [ 28 , 50 ]. In three studies, farming experience [ 29 , 34 , 46 ] and in three studies, experience of using pesticides [ 24 , 39 , 55 ] showed a statistically significant association with protective measures. In one study, ethnicity [ 22 ] and in another study, alcohol consumption [ 19 ] had a significant statistical relationship with protective measures.…”