Pesticide Toxicosis in the Horse

Comparison of glycopyrrolate and atropine in ameliorating the adverse effects of imidocarb dipropionate in horses

“…Eight horses, mean (range) age 11.4 (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19) years, and body mass 508.5 (324-625) kg were used in this observer blinded, randomised, crossover study. The horses were judged to be healthy on the basis of physical examination, complete blood count and abdominal ultrasound.…”

Long‐established and emerging pesticide poisoning in horses

“…Many types of insecticides are available on the market (Plumlee ). The cause of insecticide poisoning in horses is usually the accidental contamination of the feed with antiacetilcholinesterase agents and pyrethroids (Plumlee ; Caloni et al . ).…”

“…Organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides are used commonly in agriculture, industry and around the home to control pests of crops and animals (Meerdink ; Gupta and Milatovic ). Both types of insecticides are acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors with similar clinical effects (Plumlee ; Gupta and Milatovic ). Carbamates are esters of carbamic acid, whereas organophosphates are esters of phosphoric acid.…”

“…Inhalation exposure occurs after spraying these insecticides, or after chemical drift (Gupta and Milatovic ). Their distribution is quick, and they do not accumulate in the body (Plumlee ).…”

Hair analysis for screening horses for exposure to dietary toxic residues

“…Pesticide toxicosis in horses is comparatively rare, but there are reports of metaldehyde (molluscicide) and zinc phosphide (rodenticide) poisoning (Plumlee 2001), brodifacoum toxicosis (second-generation anticoagulant rodenticide) (McConnico et al 1997), and methyl bromide poisoning (Knight and Costner 1977). Horses may also be exposed to dietary pesticides at levels causing no acute clinical signs.…”