Pesticide Residues in the Soil Cause Cross-Resistance Among Soil Bacteria

Tolerance of pesticides and antibiotics among beneficial soil microbes recovered from contaminated rhizosphere of edible crops

“…Pesticide tolerance levels of PGPR strains such as Pseudomonas ( da Silva et al., 2021 ), Azotobacter ( Chennappa et al., 2014 ) and phosphate solubilizers (Rani et al., 2018) however, were relatively high and varied considerably among rhizobacterial isolates. The capacity to develop even at higher rates of pesticides is however, a unique property among microorganisms including N 2 fixers and phosphate solubilizers which may either be due to constitutive or induced mechanisms ( Kirubakaran et al., 2019 ). Since the medium we utilized to identify pesticides tolerant rhizobacterial isolates in our research had no carbon and nitrogen source in addition to pesticides, it is persuasively supposed that rhizobacteria may possibly utilized the pesticides as a single source of energy through biodegradation.…”

“…Additionally, numerous species of Bacillus have reported to tolerate higher concentrations of pesticides in addition to augmenting the yield and productivity of crops ( Radhakrishnan and Lee, 2016 ). The capacity to withstand even at higher rates of pesticides is though, a unique property among microorganisms including N 2 -fixers and phosphate solubilizers which may either be due to constitutive or induced mechanisms ( Kirubakaran et al., 2019 ). The PGPR's capacity to withstand at high level of pesticides could be encoded with plasmid or mediated with chromosome or could be due to some other mechanisms ( Shafiani and Malik, 2003 ).…”