Pesticide residues in the pollen and nectar of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) and their potential risks to honey bees

Wen, Xiaolin; Ma, Changsheng; Sun, Minghui; Wang, Ye; Xue, Xiao‐Feng; Chen, Jun; Song, Wencheng; Li-Byarlay, Hongmei; Luo, Shudong

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147443

Cited by 49 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Quignot et al (2015) found that few of the available studies (~20%) report chronic effects, whereas the majority report acute topical (61%) or oral (19%) toxicity data (Carnesecchi et al, 2019). Second, using chronic HQs is inferior to using BeeREX‐derived acute RQs because chronic HQs overestimate the potential impact of pesticides to bees (Wen et al, 2021). The acute RQs we calculated are based on the maximum measured concentrations, thus providing a conservative approach to estimate risk across all colonies and locations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Exposure to Pesticide Residues in Nectar and Pollen in Urban and Suburban Environments from Four Regions of the United States

Démares

Schmehl

Bloomquist

et al. 2022

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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The risk of honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) exposure to pesticide residues while foraging for nectar and pollen is commonly explored in the context of agroecosystems. However, pesticides are also used in urban and suburban areas for vegetation management, vector control, and the management of ornamental plants in public and private landscapes. The extent to which pesticides pose a health risk to honey bees in these settings remains unclear. We addressed this at a landscape scale by conducting pesticide residue screening analyses on 768 nectar and 862 pollen samples collected monthly over 2 years from honey bee colonies located in urban and suburban areas in eight medium to large cities in California, Florida, Michigan, and Texas (USA). A risk assessment was performed using the US Environmental Protection Agency's BeeREX model whenever an oral toxicity value was available for a compound. Chemical analyses detected 17 pesticides in nectar and 60 in pollen samples during the survey. Approximately 73% of all samples contained no detectable pesticide residues. Although the number of detections varied among the sampled regions, fewer pesticides were detected in nectar than in pollen. Per BeeREX, four insecticides showed a potential acute risk to honey bees: imidacloprid, chlorpyrifos, and esfenvalerate in nectar, and deltamethrin in nectar and pollen. In general, exposure of honey bees to pesticides via nectar and pollen collection was low in urban and suburban areas across the United States, and no seasonal or spatial trends were evident. Our data suggest that honey bees are exposed to fewer pesticides in developed areas than in agricultural ones. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:991–1003. © 2022 SETAC

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Exposure to Pesticide Residues in Nectar and Pollen in Urban and Suburban Environments from Four Regions of the United States

Démares

Schmehl

Bloomquist

et al. 2022

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…The pesticide with the greatest content was imidacloprid (with an average content in pollen samples of 41.9 ng/g and in beebread samples of 19.3 ng/g), thiamethoxam (with an average content in pollen samples of 44.9 ng/g and in beebread samples of 12.8 ng/g), and chlorpyrifos (with an average content in pollen samples of 49.4 ng/g and in beebread samples of 41.4 ng/g). Similarly, Wen et al 34 . also found that imidacloprid and chlorpyrifos residue in the oilseed rape pollen and nectar samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…153719-23-4, 97% TC) was obtained from the Hailier Pesticides and Chemicals Group (Shandong, China). Each insecticide was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide and diluted in a 50% (w/w) sugar solution as described by Yue et al 34 . Each stock solution was diluted to six test concentrations by using a calibrated micropipette and volumetric asks.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Toxicological Interaction Effects of Imidacloprid, Thiamethoxam, and Chlorpyrifos on Bombus Terrestris Based on the Combination Index

Zhang¹,

Zeng²,

Li³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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In modern agricultural production, a variety of pesticides are widely used to protect crops against pests. However, extensive residues of these pesticides in the soil, water, and pollen have negatively affected the health of nontarget organisms, especially among pollinators such as bumblebees. As an important pollinator, the bumblebee plays a vital role in agricultural production and the maintenance of ecosystem diversity. Previous research has focused on the effects of a single pesticide on pollinating insects; however, the synergistic effects of multiple agents on bumblebees have been not studied in detail. In our test, the individual and combined toxicities of chlorpyrifos, thiamethoxam, and imidacloprid to bumblebees after 48 h of oral administration were documented by the equivalent linear equation method. Our results showed that the toxicity of each single pesticide exposure, from high to low, was imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, and chlorpyrifos. All binary and ternary combinations showed synergistic or additive effects. Therefore, our research not only shows that the mixed toxicity of insecticides has a significant effect on bumblebees, but also provides scientific guidelines for assessing the safety risks to bumblebees of these three insecticide compounds. In assessing the risk to pollinating insects, the toxicity levels of laboratory experiments are much lower than the actual toxicity in the field.

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“…Wen et al (2021) also detected a wide range of insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides in pollen samples of rapeseed from China, which indicated a potential harm to bees. 21 Kadlikova et al (2021) concluded that acute beepoisoning incidents in Czechia occurred mainly due to pesticide application in rapeseed crops. 45 In contrary, Clermont et al (2015) found no relationship between the territorial distribution of oilseed rape fields and honeybee losses.…”

Section: Pesticidementioning

confidence: 99%

“…20 Recent studies indicate that besides neonicotinoids, pyrethroid insecticides are also relevant when monitoring insecticide levels and assessing the potential risk of pesticide residues in hive products to honeybees. 6,21 Pesticide exposure routes of bees include nectar, pollen, soil, wax, water, guttation fluid, plant surface propolis, and air particles. 22 Exposure through contaminated pollen is significant as a honeybee colony consumes approximately 17 kg of pollen per year, from which they obtain proteins, lipids, minerals, and vitamins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Pesticides in Bee Pollen: Validation of a Multiresidue High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry Method and Testing Pollen Samples of Selected Botanical Origin

Végh

Sörös

Majercsik

et al. 2022

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Pollen is a source of nutrients for honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) and suitable for human consumption as well. In our research, a multiresidue method for pesticide determination was developed and validated for the bee pollen matrix. 247 components met the validation criteria for limit of detection, limit of quantification, linearity, and interday repeatability. Average recoveries varied between 70 and 120% except for 14 analytes, which were corrected during on-going validation. The matrix effect was strong for certain analytes, which required the use of matrix-matched calibration. The pesticide residue profiles of 21 pollen samples of different botanical origins were identified by the developed method. The most common active substances were chlorpyrifos, thiacloprid, and acetamiprid. Some products contained pesticides that are already banned. According to our estimates, the tested samples do not pose an acute risk on honeybees, although the combination of pesticides may cause synergistic toxicity.

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Pesticide residues in the pollen and nectar of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) and their potential risks to honey bees

Cited by 49 publications

References 57 publications

Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Exposure to Pesticide Residues in Nectar and Pollen in Urban and Suburban Environments from Four Regions of the United States

Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Exposure to Pesticide Residues in Nectar and Pollen in Urban and Suburban Environments from Four Regions of the United States

Assessing the Toxicological Interaction Effects of Imidacloprid, Thiamethoxam, and Chlorpyrifos on Bombus Terrestris Based on the Combination Index

Determination of Pesticides in Bee Pollen: Validation of a Multiresidue High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry Method and Testing Pollen Samples of Selected Botanical Origin

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