Pesticide Residues in Plants

Finlayson, D. G.; MacCarthy, H. R.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-8942-6_3

Cited by 17 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…Instead, dissipation of endosulfan from a crop occurs in two phases, the first of which reflects the rapid volatilization of α‐endosulfan and to a lesser extent that of β‐endosulfan, with little amounts (<10%) degraded into the sulfate product. It seems that most research on the plant degradation of this insecticide carried out previously (Finlayson and MacCarthy, 1973) did not observe this fact, perhaps because most of the early dissipation occurs in a very short period of time. Certainly in foliage, the calculated half‐life of endosulfan parent isomers in this first phase is 1 to 2 d, and this is about five times shorter than in soil (3–10 d).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Off‐Site Movement of Endosulfan from Irrigated Cotton in New South Wales

et al. 2001

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The fate and transport of endosulfan (6,7,8,9,10,10-hexachloro-1,5, 5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepin 3-oxide) applied to cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fields were studied throughout three consecutive years on two selected locations in New South Wales (Australia). Rates of dissipation from foliage and soil, volatilization from the field, and transport of residues in irrigation and/or storm runoff waters were measured in order to estimate a total field balance. Dissipation of endosulfan from both foliage and soil is best explained by a two-phase process rather than by a first-order decay. Half-lives of total endosulfan toxic residues (alpha- and beta-endosulfan and the sulfate product) in the first phase were 1.6 d in foliage and 7.1 d in soil, and could be explained by the rapid volatilization of the parent isomers in the first 5 d (up to 70% of endosulfan volatilizes). In the second phase, half-lives were 9.5 d in foliage and 82 d in soil, mostly due to the persistence of the sulfate product. Concentration of endosulfan residues in runoff water varied from 45 to 2.5 microg L(-1) depending on the residue levels present on field soil at the time of the irrigation or storm events. These in turn are related to the total amounts applied, the cotton canopy cover at application, and the time since last spraying. Most of the endosulfan in runoff was found in the water phase (80%), suggesting it was bound to colloidal matter. Total endosulfan residues in runoff for a whole season accounted for no more than 2% of the pesticide applied on-field.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Off‐Site Movement of Endosulfan from Irrigated Cotton in New South Wales

et al. 2001

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“…), Edwards and Davis (9) con cluded that foliar adsorption may contribute significantly to arsenic residues. Similarly, application of MSMA at high rates (9 kg/ha) for several years led to increased residues in crops, for example, 2 to 4 ppm of As in corn, cottonseed, soybeans and sorghum (10). In addition, the ability of foliar-applied MSMA to translocate, both acropetally and basipetally, is well established (3,7).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arsenic Levels in Crops Irrigated with Water Containing MSMA

1978

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Mature plants of tomato(Lycopersicon esculentumMill. ‘Super Sioux’), cucumber(Cucumis sativasL. ‘Early pickling’), and pinto bean(Phaseolus vulgarisL.), in small field plots, were exposed once to sprinkler or furrow irrigation water containing 0.11 kg/ha or 1.12 kg/ha MSMA (monosodium methanearsonate). Concentrations of MSMA in water were about 0.22 ppmw and 2.2 ppmw for the two rates, respectively. Samples of crops and soil were subsequently analyzed for elemental arsenic content by colorimetric and atomic absorption methods. Arsenic residues were higher, compared to controls, only in crops exposed to MSMA applied in sprinkler irrigation. Average arsenic levels were highest in tomatoes exposed to 2.2 ppmw MSMA by sprinkler irrigation, and after 30 and 45 days were 0.26 ppm and 0.35 ppm, respectively. Average arsenic levels in sprinkler-irrigated crops ranged from double to triple the arsenic levels in control (untreated) crops. Atomic absorption was more sensitive than the colorimetric method and could detect smaller differences in arsenic content of samples. The average arsenic residues in soil varied from 1 to 3 ppm, but the differences could not be attributed to treatment with MSMA.

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“…The most important factors are the plant species, growth stage, and intended use. Soil characteristics such as pH, temperature, clay fraction, moisture content, and particularly organic matter content also influence the uptake of pesticides by plants (Finlayson, 1973).…”

Section: Disturbance On Pesticide Movement Caused By Climate Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Climate Change and Pesticide Loss in Watershed Systems: A Simulation Modeling Study

Chen

2007

J ENV INFORM

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ABSTRACT. This paper aims at examining the impacts of climate change on pesticide loss to surface water through a modeling study. An integrated modeling system which combined a distributed pesticide loss model with geographic information system (GIS), database, and climate change scenarios was proposed. It can predict pesticide loss through runoff under climatic change conditions. A case study was used to calibrate and verify the proposed system. The atrazine loss in 2050 and 2100 was predicted under different climate change scenarios. With the global warming, the annual streamflow would augment by 3 to 5% and the total atrazine losses would also gradually increase by 1.4 to 1.7%. The maximum concentrations of atrazine in river would be raised by 2.5 to 23%. It was also found that the wet season would always take the biggest share of pesticide-loss contribution to the river. A sensitive analysis disclosed that both of streamflow and pesticide concentration are more sensitive to temperature increase than decrease. This study is the first one to quantify the relationship between pesticide loss and climate change through a mathematic modeling system. The results can help people more effectively assess climate-change impacts, manage pesticide practices, and control water pollution.

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Pesticide Residues in Plants

Cited by 17 publications

References 96 publications

Off‐Site Movement of Endosulfan from Irrigated Cotton in New South Wales

Off‐Site Movement of Endosulfan from Irrigated Cotton in New South Wales

Arsenic Levels in Crops Irrigated with Water Containing MSMA

Climate Change and Pesticide Loss in Watershed Systems: A Simulation Modeling Study

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