Pesticide residue analysis of soil, water, and grain of IPM basmati rice

Abstract

The main aim of the present investigations was to compare the pesticide load in integrated pest management (IPM) with non-IPM crops of rice fields. The harvest samples of Basmati rice grain, soil, and irrigation water, from IPM and non-IPM field trials, at villages in northern India, were analyzed using multi-pesticide residue method. The field experiments were conducted for three consecutive years (2008-2011) for the successful validation of the modules, synthesized for Basmati rice, at these locations. Residues of tricyclazole, propiconazole, hexconazole, lambda cyhalothrin, pretilachlor chlorpyrifos, DDVP, carbendazim, and imidacloprid were analyzed from two locations, Dudhli village of Dehradun, Uttrakhand and Saboli and Aterna village of Sonepat, Haryana. The pesticide residues were observed below detectable limit (BDL) (<0.001-0.05 μg/g) in all 24 samples of rice grains and soil under IPM and non-IPM trials. Residues were below detection level (<0.001-0.05 μg/L) in irrigation water samples (2008-09). Residues of tricyclazole and carbendazim, analyzed from same locations, revealed pesticide residues as BDL (<0.001-0.05 μg/g) in all 40 samples of Basmati rice grains and soil. It was also observed as BDL (<0.001-0.05 μg/L) for 12 water samples (2009-2010). The residues of tricyclazole, propioconazole, chlorpyrifos, hexaconazole, pretilachlor, and λ-cyhalothrin were also found as BDL (<0.001-0.05 μg/g) in 40 samples of Basmati rice grains and soil and 12 water samples (<0.001-0.05 μg/L) (2010-2011).

Effects of Integrated Pest Management on Pest Damage and Yield Components in a Rice Agro-Ecosystem in the Barisal Region of Bangladesh

“…This result agrees with earlier studies, which found that pestmanagement systems that fail to use IPM strategies have lower average rice yields (Sattar et al, 2004;Alam, 2013). Pest-control strategies that include appropriate pesticide use have consistently been shown to increase rice production (Arora et al, 2014;Muck, 2015). Jacobsen and Hjelmso (2014) report that heavy pesticide use often has a higher cost-to-yield ratio than IPM methods.…”

“…Worldwide, chemical pesticides have played a vital role in providing an abundant and inexpensive food source (US-EPA, 2015 3 ). Despite an increase in food production, however, the persistent overuse of chemicals has resulted in a number of adverse environmental impacts such as, outbreak of secondary pests, decreasing of beneficial insects and the accumulation of toxins in the food webs (Arora et al, 2014). Continued research and development of sustainable and effective agricultural-pestmanagement techniques is essential if farmers are going to successfully adopt environmentally friendly pest-management strategies (Pretty and Bharucha, 2015).…”

Comparative Study of Integrated Pest Management and Farmers Practices on Sustainable Environment in the Rice Ecosystem

“…Pesticides compatible with IPM strategies have been shown to be beneficial for the control of rice pests during the germination, tillering, vegetative growth, and flowering [54]. IPM strategies that employ appropriate pesticide use have consistently been shown to increase rice production [21,55].…”

“…Notwithstanding this, at a community level worldwide, chemical pesticides have played a vital role in providing an abundant and inexpensive food source [20]. Despite this, the persistent use and overuse of chemicals in non-IPM treated farming systems have resulted in a number of adverse environmental problems [21]. For local farmers, continuing education and training play a vital role in advancing their knowledge of IPM practices and the adverse impacts agrochemicals can have on the rice ecosystem.…”

Simultaneous determination and method validation of difenoconazole, propiconazole and pyraclostrobin in pepper and soil by LC–MS/MS in field trial samples from three provinces, China

“…Difenoconazole residues had been analyzed in apple utilizing gas chromatography (GC) (Guo, Li, Gao, & Wang, ), in rice plants using GC coupled with a mass selective detector (Wang, Wu, & Zhang, ), in tomato using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS; Kong et al, ) and in onion using liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐ESI‐MS/MS) (Rodrigues et al, ). Propiconazole residues were analyzed in peppermint leaf, oil and spent grain utilizing gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC–MS; Garland, Menary, & Davies, ; Navarro, Pérez, Vela, Mena, & Navarro, ), in boronia using GC with high‐resolution mass spectrometry (Garland, Davies, & Menary, ) and in rice with other pesticides using gas–liquid chromatography with electron capture detection (Arora, Mukherji, Kumar, & Tanwar, ). Pyraclostrobin residues were analyzed in vines utilizing liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (LC–MS; Garau et al, ), in grapes using GC–MS (Lagunas‐Allué, Sanz‐Asensio, & Martínez‐Soria, ) and in peanuts using a modified Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) ‐ LC–MS/MS method (Zhang et al, ).…”