Pesticide Monitoring in the Prairies of Western Canada

Gummer, Wm. D.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-3617-4_25

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…However, α‐HCH is the dominant isomer, 60 to 70%, of technical‐grade HCH that is used extensively in India and probably other developing countries [1,6]. Thus, both α‐ and γ‐HCH are frequently found in surface waters throughout the globe [7–10], and their concentrations are generally higher than other organochlorine pesticides [8]. The physical and chemical properties of lindane suggest that this pesticide should not leach from surface water into ground water [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of ground water on hexachlorocyclohexane (lindane) detections in surface water in western Canada

Donald

Block

Wood

1997

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Abstract-Interrelationships between surface water and groundwater dynamics of ␣-and ␥-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) were investigated by determining their detection frequency and concentrations in surface water that originated primarily from surface runoff of snow and rain and in surface water that originated from ground water. In the prairie ecozone in Saskatchewan, where lindane (␥-HCH) is currently used, lindane and ␣-HCH were detected in about 50% of water samples taken from lakes and ponds that are recharged primarily by surface runoff (N ϭ 43 sites). Maximum concentrations for lindane and ␣-HCH were 0.011 and 0.004 g/L, respectively. Isomers of HCH were not detected in any of the eight prairie springs that were examined (N ϭ 10 samples). These springs originate from ground water located beneath agricultural lands. In the montane ecozone of Alberta where lindane is not used for agricultural purposes, only ␣-HCH was detected frequently in the Waterton and Athabasca rivers. From 1976 to 1992, ␣-HCH was detected in 81% of water samples from the Waterton River with no significant difference in detection frequency through the year ( 2 for 12 months ϭ 14.6, d.f. ϭ 11, p ϭ 0.20, N ϭ 163 samples). The site on the Waterton River is located downstream from a series of large lakes with multiyear storage of surface water. In contrast, discharge for the Athabasca River originates primarily from surface water during summer and ground water during winter. Detection frequency for ␣-HCH during these seasons was 53% and 2%, respectively, with the annual pattern a normal distribution. These results indicate that HCH isomers were not detected frequently in surface waters that originate from ground water.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of ground water on hexachlorocyclohexane (lindane) detections in surface water in western Canada

Donald

Block

Wood

1997

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…However, ␣-HCH is the dominant isomer, 60 to 70%, of technical-grade HCH that is used extensively in India and probably other developing countries [1,6]. Thus, both ␣and ␥-HCH are frequently found in surface waters throughout the globe [7][8][9][10], and their concentrations are generally higher than other organochlorine pesticides [8]. The physical and chemical properties of lindane suggest that this pesticide should not leach from surface water into ground water [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Ground Water on Hexachlorocyclohexane (Lindane) Detections in Surface Water in Western Canada

Donald¹,

Block²,

Wood³

1997

Environ Toxicol Chem

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Interrelationships between surface water and groundwater dynamics of ␣and ␥-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) were investigated by determining their detection frequency and concentrations in surface water that originated primarily from surface runoff of snow and rain and in surface water that originated from ground water. In the prairie ecozone in Saskatchewan, where lindane (␥-HCH) is currently used, lindane and ␣-HCH were detected in about 50% of water samples taken from lakes and ponds that are recharged primarily by surface runoff (N ϭ 43 sites). Maximum concentrations for lindane and ␣-HCH were 0.011 and 0.004 g/L, respectively. Isomers of HCH were not detected in any of the eight prairie springs that were examined (N ϭ 10 samples). These springs originate from ground water located beneath agricultural lands. In the montane ecozone of Alberta where lindane is not used for agricultural purposes, only ␣-HCH was detected frequently in the Waterton and Athabasca rivers. From 1976 to 1992, ␣-HCH was detected in 81% of water samples from the Waterton River with no significant difference in detection frequency through the year ( 2 for 12 months ϭ 14.6, d.f. ϭ 11, p ϭ 0.20, N ϭ 163 samples). The site on the Waterton River is located downstream from a series of large lakes with multiyear storage of surface water. In contrast, discharge for the Athabasca River originates primarily from surface water during summer and ground water during winter. Detection frequency for ␣-HCH during these seasons was 53% and 2%, respectively, with the annual pattern a normal distribution. These results indicate that HCH isomers were not detected frequently in surface waters that originate from ground water.

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“…They were among the species used to define the effects of the earliest phenoxy herbicides on plants (Blackman & Robertson-Cunninghame, 1954, 1955. Phenoxy herbicides have since become distributed widely throughout watersheds in central Canada (Gummer, 1980). A recent survey of two small rivers draining agricultural watersheds in western Manitoba revealed the presence of several other herbicides (trifluralin, triallate, bromoxynil, 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T diclofop and dicamba) in addition to phenoxy compounds (Muir & Grift, 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioassays with a floating aquatic plant (Lemna minor) for effects of sprayed and dissolved glyphosate

1989

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Macrophytes in forested areas and in prairie wetlands furnish critical habitat for aquatic communities and for several species of birds and mammals. North American agriculture relies heavily on herbicides and these compounds are detected routinely in surface waters of Western Canada. The question is whether these residues have biological meaning. There is surprisingly little literature on the responses of macrophytes to herbicides, or indeed to other chemicals. Previously we have used common duckweed in efforts to detect effects of herbicides and other chemicals. Duckweed clones were developed from local collections and grown axenically. In this study the plants were exposed to glyphosate herbicide either by dissolving formulated Roundup® (Monsanto Canada Inc.) in the culture media or by spraying of the cultures in a laboratory spray chamber. Plant growth was monitored by counting the fronds present on several occasions over a 2-week period following treatment and by taking wet and dry weights of plants after the final counting period. Plant growth, as measured by increased numbers of fronds or increased wet or dry weights was relatively insensitive to glyphosate dissolved in the culture medium. However, the plants were killed by application of glyphosate as a spray.

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Pesticide Monitoring in the Prairies of Western Canada

Cited by 8 publications

References 9 publications

Role of ground water on hexachlorocyclohexane (lindane) detections in surface water in western Canada

Role of ground water on hexachlorocyclohexane (lindane) detections in surface water in western Canada

Role of Ground Water on Hexachlorocyclohexane (Lindane) Detections in Surface Water in Western Canada

Bioassays with a floating aquatic plant (Lemna minor) for effects of sprayed and dissolved glyphosate

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