Pesticide mobility on a hillside soil in St. Lucia

McDonald, Lucius; Jebellie, S.J.; Madramootoo, Chandra A.; Dodds, Georges T.

doi:10.1016/s0167-8809(98)00178-9

Cited by 25 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The potential of runoff as a route of entry for pesticides and sediments input from agricultural fields into streams has been illustrated in a number of other studies (e.g. Wauchope, 1978;Readman et al, 1992;DeLorenzo et al, 1999;McDonald et al, 1999;Werner et al, 2000;Schulz, 2001;Schulz et al, 2001;Dabrowski et al, 2002b). Schulz (2001) and Nakano et al (2004) provide an overview of field studies undertaken in temperate latitudes that establish a relationship between runoff events and increased total suspended sediment and pesticide levels in a river by monitoring their residues in river water or sediments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use and Fate of Pesticides in Vegetable-Based Agro-Ecosystems in Ghana

Ntow¹

2008

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All rights reserved. No part of this publication or the information contained herein may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, by photocopying, recording or otherwise, without written prior permission from the publishers. Although all care is taken to ensure integrity and the quality of this publication and the information herein, no responsibility is assumed by the publishers nor the author for any damage to the property or persons as a result of operation or use of this publication and/or the information contained herein.Published by: Taylor & Francis/Balkema PO Box 447, 2300 AK Leiden, The Netherlands e-mail: Pub. NL@tandf.co.uk www.balkema.nl, www.taylorandfrancis.co.uk, To the memory of Dr. Akosua Werekoa (aka Awo), this thesis is dedicated to her, my wife, Mrs Bernice Worlanyo Ntow and my parents, Francis Andrews Ntow andMargaret Kyei (Yaa Saah), whom God has used to bring me this far. Contents AcknowledgementsChapter 1 Introduction 1Chapter 2 Farmer perceptions and pesticide use practices in vegetable production in Ghana 9Chapter 3 Dissipation of endosulfan in field-grown tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and cropped soil at Akumadan 27Chapter 4The impact of agricultural runoff on the quality of two streams at Akumadan and Tono 43Chapter 5 Occupational exposure to pesticides: blood cholinesterase activity in farmers at Akumadan 57Chapter Introduction GeneralWorldwide pesticide usage has increased tremendously since the 1960s. It has largely been responsible for the "green revolution", i.e. the massive increase in food production obtained from the same surface of land with the help of mineral fertilisers (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium), more efficient machinery and intensive irrigation. The use of pesticides helped to significantly reduce crop losses and to improve the yield of crops such as corn, maize, vegetables, potatoes and cotton. Notwithstanding the beneficial effects of pesticides, their adverse effects on environmental quality and human health have been well documented worldwide and constitute a major issue that gives rise to concerns at local, regional, national and global scales (Planas et al., 1997; Huber et al., 2000; Kidd et al., 2001; Cerejeira et al., 2003). Residues of pesticides contaminate soils and water, persist in the crops, enter the food chain, and finally are ingested by humans with foodstuffs and water. Furthermore, pesticides can be held responsible for contributing to biodiversity losses and deterioration of natural habitats (Sattler et al., 2006). There have been reported instances of pest resurgence, development of resistance to pesticides, secondary pest outbreaks and destruction of non-target species. Despite the fact that pesticides are also applied in other sectors, agriculture can undoubtedly be seen as the most important source of adverse effects (Hoyer and Kratz, 2001; cited in Sattler et al., 2006).The application of different pesticides varies with the region. For instance, in North Ameri...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use and Fate of Pesticides in Vegetable-Based Agro-Ecosystems in Ghana

Ntow¹

2008

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“…The increasing population worldwide and especially in tropical countries results in an increase of cultivated areas and in an intensification of cropping systems, especially through intense fertilizer and pesticide uses. Water pollution from agricultural activities affects tropical regions such as Central America, the Caribbean and South-East Asia (Kammerbauer and Moncada, 1998;Rawlins et al, 1998;McDonald et al, 1999;Cabidoche et al, 2009;Charlier et al, 2009;Toan et al, 2013;Crabit et al, 2016). These regions show severe levels of pesticides in water when compared to the European Water Framework (2000/60/CE) and the European Drinking Water Directive (98/83/EC) thresholds that define 0.1 mg L À1 as the acceptable limit of individual pesticide content in raw water for good ecological status and in drinking water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between past and present pesticide applications and pollution at a watershed outlet: The case of a horticultural catchment in Martinique, French West Indies

et al. 2017

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The understanding of factors affecting pesticide transfers to catchment outlet is still at a very early stage in tropical context, and especially on tropical volcanic context. We performed on-farm pesticide use surveys during 87 weeks and monitored pesticides in water weekly during 67 weeks at the outlet of a small catchment in Martinique. We identified three types of pollution. First, we showed long-term chronic pollution by chlordecone, diuron and metolachlor resulting from horticultural practices applied 5-20 years ago (quantification frequency higher than 80%). Second, we showed peak pollution. High amounts of propiconazole and fosthiazate applied at low frequencies caused river pollution peaks for weeks following a single application. Low amounts of diquat and diazinon applied at low frequencies also caused pollution peaks. The high amounts of glyphosate applied at high frequency resulted into pollution peaks by glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) in 6 and 20% of the weeks. Any intensification of their uses will result in higher pollution levels. Third, relatively low amounts of glufosinate-ammonium, difenoconazol, spinosad and metaldehyde were applied at high frequencies. Unexpectedly, such pesticides remained barely detected (<1.5%) or undetected in water samples. We showed that AMPA, fosthiazate and propiconazole have serious leaching potential. They might result in future chronic pollution of shallow aquifers alimenting surface water. We prove that to avoid the past errors and decrease the risk of long-term pollution of water resources, it is urgent to reduce or stop the use of pesticides with leaching potential by changing agricultural practices.

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“…Both may degrade the water quality, but the contamination is only transient after heavy rainfall. The potential of runoff as a route of entry for pesticides and sediments input from agricultural fields into streams has been illustrated in a number of other studies (e.g., Wauchope, 1978; Readman et al, 1992; DeLorenzo et al, 1999; McDonald et al, 1999; Werner et al, 2000; Schulz, 2001; Schulz et al, 2001; Dabrowski et al, 2002a). Schulz (2001) and Nakano et al (2004) provide an overview of field studies undertaken in temperate latitudes that establish a relationship between runoff events and increased total suspended sediment and pesticide levels in a river by monitoring their residues in river water or sediments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Agricultural Runoff on the Quality of Two Streams in Vegetable Farm Areas in Ghana

Ntow¹,

Drechsel

Botwe

et al. 2008

J of Env Quality

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A study of two small streams at Akumadan and Tono, Ghana, was undertaken during the rain and dry season periods between February 2005 and January 2006 to investigate the impact of vegetable field runoff on their quality. In each stream we compared the concentration of current-use pesticides in one site immediately upstream of a vegetable field with a second site immediately downstream. Only trace concentrations of endosulfan and chlorpyrifos were detected at both sites in both streams in the dry season. In the wet season, rain-induced runoff transported pesticides into downstream stretches of the streams. Average peak levels in the streams themselves were 0.07 microg L(-1) endosulfan, 0.02 microg L(-1) chlorpyrifos (the Akumadan stream); 0.04 microg L(-1) endosulfan, 0.02 microg L(-1) chlorpyrifos (the Tono stream). Respective average pesticide levels associated with streambed sediment were 1.34 and 0.32 microg kg(-1) (the Akumadan stream), and 0.92 and 0.84 microg kg(-1) (the Tono stream). Further investigations are needed to establish the potential endosulfan and chlorpyrifos effects on aquatic invertebrate and fish in these streams. Meanwhile measures should be undertaken to reduce the input of these chemicals via runoff.

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Pesticide mobility on a hillside soil in St. Lucia

Cited by 25 publications

References 7 publications

The Use and Fate of Pesticides in Vegetable-Based Agro-Ecosystems in Ghana

The Use and Fate of Pesticides in Vegetable-Based Agro-Ecosystems in Ghana

Relationships between past and present pesticide applications and pollution at a watershed outlet: The case of a horticultural catchment in Martinique, French West Indies

The Impact of Agricultural Runoff on the Quality of Two Streams in Vegetable Farm Areas in Ghana

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