Pesticide-induced mortality of natural enemies of the onion maggot,Delia antiqua [Dip.: Anthomyiidae]

Carruthers, Raymond I.; Whitfield, G. H.; Haynes, D. L.

doi:10.1007/bf02372248

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…Keller (1984) reported preliminary data suggesting that E. muscae is a species complex, strain or species differences may be involved in the differential susceptibility to malathion. As was found in the present study with M. dornestica, Carruthers et al (1985) saw no difference in susceptibility of healthy and infected D. antiqua to insecticide. They did, however, note that infected flies exposed to malathion died and produced conidia on the ground, rather than climbing vegetation before death as the untreated flies did.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

“…Carruthers et al (1985) used slide germination tests similar to ours and did not see any effect on germination, while in the present study malathion severely inhibited germination. Carruthers et al ( 1985) conducted their germination study under 100 %, RH conditions, whereas our tests were done at lower humidities, Also, the pathogen used by Carruthers et al (1985) was from onion maggot adults, Delia antigua (Meigen) [Diptera :Anthomyiidae], from Michigan, whereas our pathogen was from southern California M. dornestica. Keller (1984) reported preliminary data suggesting that E. muscae is a species complex, strain or species differences may be involved in the differential susceptibility to malathion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…Clean glass microscope slides were dipped in solutions of commercially available insecticide preparations in a manner similar to Carruthers et al ( 1985). Insecticides used and the labelled rate were as follows : control (distilled water), permethrin (Ectiban 25 % WP, 0.125 % solution), naled (Dibrom 58 % EC, 0.3 % solution), carbaryl (Sevin 80 % WP, 1.0 % solution), tetrachlorvinphos/dichlorvos (Ravap 23 % EC/5.3 % EC, 1.0 % solution), malathion (Malathion 50 % EC, 2.0 % solution), and dimethoate (Cygon 30 % EC, 1.0 % solution).…”

Section: Conidial Germinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Insecticide effects onEntomophthora muscae [Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales]

Mullens

Rodriguez

1986

Entomophaga

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Studies were conducted to determine the effect of insecticide residues on germination of primary conidia of Entomophthora muscae (Cob.n) Fresenius and to determine the relative susceptibility of h~althy and infected Musca domestica L. to insecticides. Primary conidia were discharged from M. domestica cadavers onto glass microscope slides treated with insecticides. All insecticides significantly inhibited germination relative to control slides. Permethrin and haled had the least inhibition (36-40 96 ), while malathion and dimethoate almost completely inhibited germination (87-94 % ). Tetrachlorvinphos/dichlorvos and carbaryl were intermediate (57-59 %). Healthy flies were not significantly different from infected flies in terms of susceptibility to haled, dimethoate, or permethrin. Infected flies exposed on the last day of pathogen incubation died on the bottom of the Petri dishes, rather than climbing and attaching as did untreated, infected flies. Both control and treated groups produced large numbers of primary conidia.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Conidial Germinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Insecticide effects onEntomophthora muscae [Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales]

Mullens

Rodriguez

1986

Entomophaga

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“…These residues would not only reduce secondary conidial discharge in the short term but would also intoxicate diseased flies crawling up these surfaces. Such flies produce conidia on the ground and thus would be relatively ineffective in furthering transmission, a situation also observed with D. antiqua infected with E. muscae in Michigan (Carruthers, Whitfield, and Haynes 1985). Generally speaking, insecticides probably are not very compatible with this pathogen.…”

Section: Compatibility Of E Muscae and Insecticidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Epizootiological Study ofEntomophthora muscaein muscoid fly populations on Southern California poultry facilities, with emphasis onMusca domestica

Mullens¹,

Rodriguez²,

Meyer³

1987

Hilg

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Infection by the pathogenic fungus Entomophthora muscae was monitored in muscoid fly populations on four caged-layer poultry facilities in southern California. Adult flies were captured every 1 to 2 weeks with sweep nets and held for 7 days in the laboratory to assess incidence of infection over a 2-year period. Patent Musca domestica and Ophyra aenescens infections were found throughout the year. Average prevalence of infection in M. domestica was highest (45 percent) in fall and lowest « 1 percent) in the hot summer months. Infection in O. aenescens at times approached 100 percent, with three peaks of E. muscae activity (March, June, November) coincident with peak population densities. Infections in Fannia canicularis and R femoralis were evident primarily in late spring. Peak average infections in R canicularis (45 percent) lagged behind peak adult population density by 3 weeks in 1983. Infections in Fannia spp, were rare in 1984 due to low rainfall and subsequent low adult densities. Infection prevalence was higher in male than female hosts, but was probably influenced by the shorter incubation period in males and the short holding period. Flies were not infected with E. muscae as larvae or while emerging from manure. Cool fall weather stimulated morning M. domestica aggregation on the south walls of the primary poultry house study site, where cadavers killed by E. muscae were most common. Flies likely were infected primarily by morning exposure to secondary conidia expelled from these structure surfaces. Possible management techniques to optimize E. muscae activity are discussed.

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“…The earliest criticisms of pesticide use in agriculture were based on conjecture and intangible elements, however, today the demands are supported by the conclusions of numerous publications on the impact of pesticides that indeed show there have been significant consequences to all trophic levels of the food chain following decades of pesticide application. These include a decline in the populations of beneficial organisms such as predators, pollinators and earthworms, changes in soil microbial diversity and development of pest resistance to pesticides [6][7][8][9][10][11]. Regarding the effect on humans, the persistent nature of some pesticides has impacted our ecosystem to such an extent that pesticides have entered into various food chains and into the higher trophic levels such as those of humans and other mammals [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phoma macrostoma : as a broad spectrum bioherbicide for turf grass and agricultural applications.

Hynes¹

2018

CABI Reviews

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Phoma macrostoma Montagne 94-44B is an effective bioherbicide for broadleaved weed reduction. In 2016, Health Canada's Pest Management Regulatory Agency (PMRA), under the authority of the Pest Control Products Act and Regulations, granted full registration for the sale and use of the bioherbicide P. macrostoma Montagne 94-44B to control a broad spectrum of broadleaf weeds in established turfgrass and new seeding of grasses as well as in field grown nursery plants, trees and container-grown ornamentals. P. macrostoma 94-44B colonizes susceptible and non-susceptible plant roots, however, only in susceptible plants, such as Taraxacum officinale (dandelion), do mycelium proliferate around the vascular trachea interfering with the function of neighbouring cells while not entering them. Macrocidins, secondary metabolites secreted by P. macrostoma 94-44B mycelia, inhibit multiple steps in carotenoid precursor formation including phytoene desaturase and steps associated with β carotene and lutein carotenoid biogenesis, Fe and Mg chelation and OJIP chlorophyll fluorescence, thus uncoupling the light-harvesting complex of photosystem II from the reaction centre. The combined actions of P. macrostoma 94-44B and macrocidins elicit photobleaching of the leaves and eventual weed death. Research is underway to exploit Phoma's bioherbicidal actions for weed management in agriculture. P. macrostoma 94-44B can be used to reduce broadleaved weeds in crops such as wheat, corn, potato, forage grasses and established alfalfa (2nd growth or older). Soil residue studies reveal that neither P. macrostoma 94-44B nor macrocidins are present after 1 year suggesting that farmers could plant Phoma-sensitive crops such as legumes, flax or canola in subsequent years.

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Pesticide-induced mortality of natural enemies of the onion maggot,Delia antiqua [Dip.: Anthomyiidae]

Cited by 14 publications

References 11 publications

Insecticide effects onEntomophthora muscae [Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales]

Insecticide effects onEntomophthora muscae [Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales]

An Epizootiological Study ofEntomophthora muscaein muscoid fly populations on Southern California poultry facilities, with emphasis onMusca domestica

Phoma macrostoma : as a broad spectrum bioherbicide for turf grass and agricultural applications.

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