Pesticide exposure assessment in rice paddies in Europe: a comparative study of existing mathematical models

Karpouzas, Dimitrios G.; Cervelli, S.; Watanabe, Hirozumi; Capri, E.; Ferrero, Aldo

doi:10.1002/ps.1216

Cited by 32 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…Goodness of fit was assessed using the statistical index of root mean square error (RMSE). 26,27) (19) Where P i and O i are the predicted and observed values, respectively, Ō is the mean of the observed values and n is the number of observations. In general, the lower the RMSE, the higher is the agreement between observed and predicted data.…”

Section: Paddy Lysimeter Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved PADDY model including photoisomerization and metabolic pathways for predicting pesticide behavior in paddy fields: Application to the herbicide pyriminobac-methyl

et al. 2009

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Rice production is one of the major non-point sources of pesticide pollution in Japan because more than half of all arable land is paddy fields, from which pesticides can easily be transported to rivers. Public concerns regarding the adverse effects of pesticides in runoff on aquatic ecosystems and drinking water are increasing. In 2003, the Ministry of the Environment of Japan imposed a new pesticide registration scheme concerning ecological risk in an aquatic environment based on concepts adopted in the EU and the USA. In this scheme, the acute effect concentration in the assessment species (i.e., fish, Daphnia, or algae) is compared with the predicted environmental concentration calculated using environmental models based on the standard scenario of the pesticide use. 1)Recently, mathematical models (e.g., PADDY 2,3) and PCPF-1 4-6) ) have been developed to simulate the transport and fate of paddy rice pesticides in Japan; however, these models do not consider metabolites derived from the parent compound by hydrolysis, photolysis, or microbial degradation. The RICEWQ model, developed in the EU and the USA, is the only one that considers metabolites under paddy conditions. 7)The metabolites of some pesticides, such as organophosphorus insecticides, may be more toxic to aquatic organisms than the parent compound. Therefore, for ecological risk assessment it is necessary to evaluate the exposure of aquatic organisms not only to the parent compound but also to its metabolites. PADDY 2,3) is used to predict pesticide behavior in paddies. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate an improved PADDY-based model that includes photoisomerization and metabolic pathways for the herbicide pyriminobacmethyl [methyl 2-(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyloxy)-6-(E,Z)-(1-methoxyiminoethyl)benzoate], which is used for selective control of early water grass. To validate the model, values calculated by the improved model were compared with measured values from paddy lysimeter and field experiments. Theory, Materials, and Methods ChemicalsPyriminobac-methyl herbicide consists of a mixture of its (E)-isomer (I) and (Z)-isomer (II) as active ingredients, with an (E)/(Z) ratio of ca. 5/1 in a technical grade of the active ingredient. The photo-transformation of this compound is the Improved PADDY model including photoisomerization and metabolic pathways for predicting pesticide behavior in paddy fields:Application to the herbicide pyriminobac-methyl Kumiai Chemical Ind. Co., Ltd., Tamari, Kakegawa, Shizuoka 436-0011, Japan (Received May 16, 2009; Accepted September 17, 2009) An improved simulation model for predicting pesticide behavior in paddy fields based on PADDY was developed to include photoisomerization and metabolic pathways and applied to the herbicide pyriminobac-methyl. Isomerization of pyriminobac-methyl in paddy water by sunlight was modeled as a reversible first-order reaction between the (E)-and (Z)-isomers in response to UV-B irradiation. The formation and degradation of its main metabolites in flooded so...

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Section: Paddy Lysimeter Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved PADDY model including photoisomerization and metabolic pathways for predicting pesticide behavior in paddy fields: Application to the herbicide pyriminobac-methyl

et al. 2009

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“…6 shows simulated and measured concentrations of mefenacet in paddy water and PSL during the monitoring period 37 . The PCPF-1 model successfully simulated concentrations of mefenacet and pretilachlor in paddy water and PSL with good accuracy in Japanese conditions 33,37 as well as European conditions 12 . PCPF-1 also provides the simulated distribution of herbicide in paddy water and in PSL, and pesticide losses by drainage, percolation and degradation during the monitoring period as shown in the case of mefenacet in Fig.…”

Section: Pcpf-1 Modelmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The simulation model PCPF-1 has been developed for predicting pesticide concentrations in two compartments, paddy water and 1 cm paddy surface soil layer (PSL) 12,32,33,37 . This model has been used for developing and evaluating field management practices such as irrigation and drainage control and soil management in order to minimize pesticide runoff loss 34,35 .…”

Section: Pcpf-1 Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation Models of Pesticide Fate and Transport in Paddy Environment for Ecological Risk Assessment and Management

Inao

Watanabe

Karpouzas

et al. 2008

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Rice production is one of the major non-point sources of pesticide pollution in Japan. Monitoring of pesticide concentrations in river systems detected a number of herbicides commonly used in paddy fields, and these concentrations may appear to have adverse effects on the aquatic ecosystem. In this paper, two mathematical models developed in Japan, the PADDY and PCPF models for simulating the fate and transport of pesticides in a paddy environment are introduced. These models have been validated with observed data from laboratory experiments and field monitoring studies. In addition, the application of a mathematical model (RICEWQ) modified in Europe for high tier risk assessment in paddies is provided. We applied the PADDY and PCPF models to controlling pesticide runoff losses from paddy fields and to ecological risk assessment in the aquatic environment. The recommendation from model simulations for reducing pesticide runoff from paddy fields are 1) application of an intermittent irrigation scheme with a high drainage gate and 2) application of a longer water holding period after pesticide application. In order to establish a realistic assessment and management procedure for environmentally-friendly rice production, it is important to develop and validate mathematical models adapted to paddies in the Asian region. the PADDY and PCPF models to controlling pesticide runoff losses from paddy fields and to ecological risk assessment in the aquatic environment. Discipline: Agricultural chemicals

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“…Since 2000, a series of models have been published to generate exposure estimates in aquatic and soil environments for pesticides that are used in rice cultivation at step 2 (Karpouzas et al, 2006a) and for refinement of assessment at step 3 (Karpouzas et al, 2006b). The results of studies performed in the past with different pesticides in rice can be used to check the validity and consistency of this approach, as recommended by SCP (2003).…”

Section: General Commentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Plant protection products and their residues (PPR) related to the revision of Annexes II and III to Council Directive 91/414/EEC concerning the placing of plant protection products on the market - Fate and Behaviour in t

2007

EFSA Journal

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of 17• The PPR Panel has doubts about the interpretation and use of lysimeter studies in leaching risk assessment. However, the FOCUS Groundwater Workgroup is currently preparing further guidance and the Panel looks forward to this.• The PPR Panel recognises the importance of field leaching tests for assessing realistic worst case leaching and, although the Panel is aware that some technical aspects will be discussed and reported in the forthcoming FOCUS groundwater report, recommends that official test guidelines be developed.• In its opinion adopted on the 30 th January, 2003 the Scientific Committee on Plants recommended a check on the scientific validity of the stepwise procedure proposed in the MEDRICE Report, and identified some concerns about the modelling framework. The PPR Panel reminds the Commission of the need to update the MEDRICE Report.• The PPR Panel has noted that data requirements on fate and behaviour are connected to other data requirements e.g. on ecotoxicology and residues in following crops and recommends that once all Annexes have been revised, a check on consistency and completeness be performed across all data requirements.• In addition the PPR Panel recommends that these Annexes and the others to be revised should include a common glossary of terms to promote consistent use of key terms across the different parts of the new legislation.

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Pesticide exposure assessment in rice paddies in Europe: a comparative study of existing mathematical models

Cited by 32 publications

References 20 publications

Improved PADDY model including photoisomerization and metabolic pathways for predicting pesticide behavior in paddy fields: Application to the herbicide pyriminobac-methyl

Improved PADDY model including photoisomerization and metabolic pathways for predicting pesticide behavior in paddy fields: Application to the herbicide pyriminobac-methyl

Simulation Models of Pesticide Fate and Transport in Paddy Environment for Ecological Risk Assessment and Management

Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Plant protection products and their residues (PPR) related to the revision of Annexes II and III to Council Directive 91/414/EEC concerning the placing of plant protection products on the market - Fate and Behaviour in t

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