Peste des Petits Ruminants at the Wildlife–Livestock Interface in the Northern Albertine Rift and Nile Basin, East Africa

Fernández-Aguilar, Xavier; Mahapatra, Mana; Begovoeva, Mattia; Kalema‐Zikusoka, Gladys; Driciru, Margaret; Ayebazibwe, Chrisostom; Adwok, David Solomon; Kock, Michael D.; Lukusa, Jean-Paul Kabemba; Muro, J; Marco, Ignasi; Colom-Cadena, Andreu; Espunyes, Johan; Meunier, Natascha; Cabezón, Óscar; Caron, Alexandre; Bataillé, Arnaud; Libeau, Geneviève; Parekh, Krupali; Parida, Satya; Kock, Richard

doi:10.3390/v12030293

Cited by 30 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…However, based on partial genome sequencing, the virus strains detected in this study were almost identical, and therefore the variation in observed clinical signs between the four flocks from which sequences were obtained ( Table 1) was most likely due to host or environmental factors or co-infections rather than virus genotype. The circulation of multiple lineages of PPRV in Tanzania reflects multiple introductions, most likely through transboundary movements of infected small ruminants for trade or migration from neighbouring countries where PPRV is also considered to be endemic and multiple lineages have been detected-Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi and the Democratic Republic of the Congo [66][67][68][69][70]. However, the live attenuated PPRV vaccine (Nigeria/75/1) is reported to provide protection against all the lineages [71].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of Peste Des Petits Ruminants Disease in Pastoralist Flocks in Ngorongoro District of Northern Tanzania and Bluetongue Virus Co-Infection

Jones

Mahapatra

Chubwa

et al. 2020

Viruses

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Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) disease was first confirmed in Tanzania in 2008 in sheep and goats in Ngorongoro District, northern Tanzania, and is now endemic in this area. This study aimed to characterise PPR disease in pastoralist small ruminant flocks in Ngorongoro District. During June 2015, 33 PPR-like disease reports were investigated in different parts of the district, using semi-structured interviews, clinical examinations, PPR virus rapid detection test (PPRV-RDT), and laboratory analysis. Ten flocks were confirmed as PPRV infected by PPRV-RDT and/or real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and two flocks were co-infected with bluetongue virus (BTV), confirmed by RT-qPCR. Phylogenetic analysis of six partial N gene sequences showed that the PPR viruses clustered with recent lineage III Tanzanian viruses, and grouped with Ugandan, Kenyan and Democratic Republic of Congo isolates. No PPR-like disease was reported in wildlife. There was considerable variation in clinical syndromes between flocks: some showed a full range of PPR signs, while others were predominantly respiratory, diarrhoea, or oro-nasal syndromes, which were associated with different local disease names (olodua—a term for rinderpest, olkipiei—lung disease, oloirobi—fever, enkorotik—diarrhoea). BTV co-infection was associated with severe oro-nasal lesions. This clinical variability makes the field diagnosis of PPR challenging, highlighting the importance of access to pen-side antigen tests and multiplex assays to support improved surveillance and targeting of control activities for PPR eradication.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of Peste Des Petits Ruminants Disease in Pastoralist Flocks in Ngorongoro District of Northern Tanzania and Bluetongue Virus Co-Infection

Jones

Mahapatra

Chubwa

et al. 2020

Viruses

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“…In each province, farms were randomly selected. Fifteen animals per farm were sampled to ensure a 95% probability of detecting at least one positive animal for an assumed minimum within‐farm prevalence of 20.0% (Fernandez Aguilar et al, 2020; Mahamat et al., 2018). Systematic sampling was used to select animals on individual farms.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serosurvey of Peste des Petits Ruminants in southern Spain

Cano‐Terriza

Jiménez‐Martín

Jiménez‐Ruiz

et al. 2020

Transbound. Emerg. Dis.

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“…PPR was first described as a rinderpest (RP)-like disease of small domestic ruminants. However, in the recent-past PPRV has been reported to infect not only goats and sheep, but also camels [13], cattle [14], water buffalo [15,16], and wildlife species, including African buffalo [17,18], saiga antelope [19,20], dorcas gazelles [19,21], gemsbok [22], Nubian ibex [23], and some other wild ungulate species [19,20]. Reports of PPRV detection in Asiatic lions [24] and dogs [3,25] may reflect contamination of their food with infected ruminants, but their competence as hosts has not been established [13,[26][27][28][29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress towards Eradication of Peste des Petits Ruminants through Vaccination

Zhao

Njeumi

Parida

et al. 2021

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Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a transboundary viral disease that threatens more than 1.74 billion goats and sheep in approximately 70 countries globally. In 2015, the international community set the goal of eradicating PPR by 2030, and, since then, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) have jointly developed and implemented the Global Control and Eradication Strategy for PPR. Here, data from the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization Statistical Database (FAOSTAT), the OIE World Animal Health Information System (WAHIS), Regional Roadmap Meetings, and countries’ responses to PPR Monitoring and Assessment Tool (PMAT) questionnaires were analyzed to inform on current progress towards PPR eradication. OIE recorded the use of over 333 million doses of vaccine in 12 countries from 2015 to 2018, 41.8% of which were used in Asia and 58.2% in Africa. Between 2015 and 2019, a total of 12,757 PPR outbreaks were reported to OIE: 75.1% in Asia, 24.8% in Africa, and 0.1% in Europe. The number of global outbreaks in 2019 fell to 1218, compared with 3688 in 2015. Analysis of vaccine use and PPR outbreaks in countries indicates that disease control strategies, particularly vaccination campaigns and vaccine distribution strategies, still require scientific evaluation. It is imperative that vaccination is undertaken based on the epidemiology of the disease in a region and is coordinated between neighboring countries to restrict transboundary movements. Strengthening surveillance and post-vaccination sero-monitoring at the national level is also essential. The PPR vaccine stock/bank established by FAO, OIE, and other partners have improved the quality assurance and supply of vaccines. However, to achieve PPR eradication, filling the funding gap for vaccination campaigns and other program activities will be critical.

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Peste des Petits Ruminants at the Wildlife–Livestock Interface in the Northern Albertine Rift and Nile Basin, East Africa

Cited by 30 publications

References 50 publications

Characterisation of Peste Des Petits Ruminants Disease in Pastoralist Flocks in Ngorongoro District of Northern Tanzania and Bluetongue Virus Co-Infection

Characterisation of Peste Des Petits Ruminants Disease in Pastoralist Flocks in Ngorongoro District of Northern Tanzania and Bluetongue Virus Co-Infection

Serosurvey of Peste des Petits Ruminants in southern Spain

Progress towards Eradication of Peste des Petits Ruminants through Vaccination

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