Pest risk assessment for the European Community plant health: A comparative approach with case studies

MacLeod, Alan; Anderson, Helen; Follak, Swen; Gaag, D.J. van der; Potting, Roel; Pruvost,; Smith, J.; Steffek, R.; Vloutoglou, Irene; Holt, John; Karadjova, O.E.; Kehlenbeck, Hella; Labonne, Gérard; Reynaud, Philippe; Viaene, Nicole; Anthoine, G.; Holeva, Maria C.; Hostachy, Bruno; Ilieva, Zhenya; Karssen, Gerrit; Krumov, V.; Limon, Patrick; Meffert, Johan; Niere, Björn; Petriva, E.; Peyré, Jutta Kister and Fernando Ruiz; Pfeilstetter, Ernst; Roelofs, Willem; Rothlisberger,; Sauvion,; Schenck, Nathalie; Shrader, G.; Shroeder, T.; Steinmöller, Silke; Tjou-Tam-Sin, Léon; Ventsislavov,; Verhoeven, Ko; Wesemael,

doi:10.2903/sp.efsa.2012.en-319

Cited by 31 publications

(110 citation statements)

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“…aurantifolii with imported citrus fruit has been previously analysed in risk assessments by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA, 2006;EFSA PLH Panel 2011), the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA, 2006(USDA, , 2007a(USDA, , b, 2008(USDA, , 2009a(USDA, , b, c, 2012 and the EFSA cooperation project on -Pest risk assessment for the European Community plant health: a comparative approach with case studies‖ (MacLeod et al, 2012). The pathway of entry of X. citri pv.…”

Section: Entry Pathway I: Citrus Fruit Commercial Tradementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonetheless, in agreement with MacLeod et al (2012) and taking into consideration the wide area cultivated with citrus in the EU, the Panel considers that, should the present trade restrictions be removed, a major volume of citrus plant propagation material would be imported into the EU citrusgrowing regions.…”

Section: Probability Of Association With the Pathway At Originmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…in ecosystem functions themselves (MacLeod et al, 2012). destruction of orchards would be unavoidable, in the event of disease outbreaks.…”

Section: Environmental Consequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scientific Opinion on the risk to plant health of Xanthomonas citri pv. citri and Xanthomonas citri pv. aurantifolii for the EU territory

2014

EFS2

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The Panel conducted a pest risk assessment for Xanthomonas campestris (all strains pathogenic to Citrus) for the EU territory and an assessment of the effectiveness of present EU requirements against Xanthomonas strains pathogenic to citrus. The risk assessment was conducted under the scenario of absence of the current specific EU plant health legislation and the assumption that citrus-exporting countries apply measures to reduce yield and quality losses. Risk reduction options were systematically identified and evaluated. The strains of X. campestris pathogenic to citrus have been reclassified as four distinct infraspecific taxa within two species: X. citri and X. alfalfae. Only two pathovars (X. citri pv. citri and X. citri pv. aurantifolii) are responsible for the citrus bacterial canker that presents a major risk for the citrus industry in the EU. Seven entry pathways have been identified and evaluated. The likelihood of entry was rated unlikely for fruit, very likely for fruit plants for planting, moderately likely for ornamental plants for planting and unlikely for leaves and twigs. The uncertainty of probability of entry was rated as high. The probability of establishment was rated as moderately likely to likely with a medium uncertainty because host plants are widely present in EU areas where environmental conditions are suitable. Once established, spread would be likely with a low uncertainty. The impact of the disease, even if control measures are applied, was rated as moderate to major with a medium uncertainty. The disease would cause yield losses in areas where citrus is the main crop, increase the need for control measures and create environmental problems.The combined EU regulations have been shown to be effective in preventing the introduction of X. citri pv. citri or X. citri pv. aurantifolii in the EU, as no outbreaks of citrus canker in the EU territory have been reported. Vernière for the preparatory work on this Scientific Opinion and EFSA staff: Svetla Kozelska, Tilemachos Goumperis and Olaf Mosbach Schulz for the support provided to this Scientific Opinion. Xanthomonas citri pv. citri and Xanthomonas citri pv. aurantifolii pest risk assessment EFSA Journal 2014;12(2):3556 4 Xanthomonas citri pv. citri and Xanthomonas citri pv. aurantifolii pest risk assessment EFSA Journal 2014;12(2):3556 6importance of maintaining the absence of X. citri pv. citri and X. citri pv. aurantifolii in citrusproducing areas and of the risk reduction options to maintain this absence.The effectiveness of current EU phytosanitary measures to reduce the risk of introduction of X. citri pv. citri and X. citri pv. aurantifolii ranges from moderate to high. However, the requirements for buffer zones of pest free production sites in areas infested by X. citri pv. citri or X. citri pv. aurantifolii are insufficiently detailed.The probability of entry of X. citri pv. citri and X. citri pv. aurantifolii via import of plants for planting for citrus production and of ornamental rutaceous plants (species listed in section 3.1...

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Section: Entry Pathway I: Citrus Fruit Commercial Tradementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Probability Of Association With the Pathway At Originmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scientific Opinion on the risk to plant health of Xanthomonas citri pv. citri and Xanthomonas citri pv. aurantifolii for the EU territory

2014

EFS2

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“…EPPO, 2011) and risk assessment projects [e.g. PRATIQUE (Baker, 2011), Prima phacie (MacLeod et al, 2012), PPM Pirates (Holt et al, 2016), QPA food (Holt et al, 2016) QPA non-food (Douma et al, 2016)], to develop and test:…”

Section: Fit-for-purpose Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guidance on quantitative pest risk assessment

Jeger¹,

Bragard²,

Caffier³

et al. 2018

EFS2

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This Guidance describes a two-phase approach for a fit-for-purpose method for the assessment of plant pest risk in the territory of the EU. Phase one consists of pest categorisation to determine whether the pest has the characteristics of a quarantine pest or those of a regulated non-quarantine pest for the area of the EU. Phase two consists of pest risk assessment, which may be requested by the risk managers following the pest categorisation results. This Guidance provides a template for pest categorisation and describes in detail the use of modelling and expert knowledge elicitation to conduct a pest risk assessment. The Guidance provides support and a framework for assessors to provide quantitative estimates, together with associated uncertainties, regarding the entry, establishment, spread and impact of plant pests in the EU. The Guidance allows the effectiveness of risk reducing options (RROs) to be quantitatively assessed as an integral part of the assessment framework. A list of RROs is provided. A two-tiered approach is proposed for the use of expert knowledge elicitation and modelling. Depending on data and resources available and the needs of risk managers, pest entry, establishment, spread and impact steps may be assessed directly, using weight of evidence and quantitative expert judgement (first tier), or they may be elaborated in substeps using quantitative models (second tier). An example of an application of the first tier approach is provided. Guidance is provided on how to derive models of appropriate complexity to conduct a second tier assessment. Each assessment is operationalised using Monte Carlo simulations that can compare scenarios for relevant factors, e.g. with or without RROs. This document provides guidance on how to compare scenarios to draw conclusions on the magnitude of pest risks and the effectiveness of RROs and on how to communicate assessment results.

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“…potato tubers, bulbs, etc. (MacLeod et al, 2012). According to EU legislation, seed potatoes have to be cultivated on pest-free areas to prevent further spread.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative studies on potato genotypes and fodder radish varieties resistant to the rootknot nematode Meloidogyne chitwoodi

Teklu¹

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Pest risk assessment for the European Community plant health: A comparative approach with case studies

Cited by 31 publications

References 0 publications

Scientific Opinion on the risk to plant health of Xanthomonas citri pv. citri and Xanthomonas citri pv. aurantifolii for the EU territory

Scientific Opinion on the risk to plant health of Xanthomonas citri pv. citri and Xanthomonas citri pv. aurantifolii for the EU territory

Guidance on quantitative pest risk assessment

Quantitative studies on potato genotypes and fodder radish varieties resistant to the rootknot nematode Meloidogyne chitwoodi

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