Subject to the aggregation-caused quenching mechanism
in the solid
state, perylene and its derivatives turn out to be fascinating organic
fluorophores when separated from each other by their cointercalation
within a layered double hydroxide host structure. Such accommodation
with surfactant spacers limits their stacking usually caused by π–π
interaction between neighboring cores. For each series of fluorophores
having substitution in bay or diimide positions, an optimized composition
is selected based on optical performances and in particular on the
absolute photoluminescence quantum yield. The optimal relative quantity
of phosphor is very low from 0.001 to 0.1% of the total anionic capacity.
When dispersed into a silicone matrix, the loaded films cover from
green (510 nm) to red (625 nm) emission depending on the perylene
derivative molecules. With loaded films overlaid on a blue chip, a
warm white light (color-correlated temperature = 3890 K) with a color-rendering
index as high as 91.1 is reached. In such a light-emitting diode configuration,
the superposition of films for each fluorophore is preferred to the
powder mixture or to the cointercalation of organic phosphors within
the same structure in order to avoid too strong and nonpredictable
reabsorption phenomena between emitting centers.