Pervaporation separation of DMF from water using a crosslinked polyurethane urea-PMMA IPN membrane

Das, Swatilekha; Banthia, A. K.; Adhikari, Basudam

doi:10.1016/j.desal.2005.12.019

Cited by 33 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[19][20][21][22][23][24] Because of its superior hydrophilicity, citric acid (CA) cross-linked PVA membrane has been used as a pervaporation membrane to separate water during esterification but not as a catalyst support. 22 In addition, PVA was used as a main membrane matrix to prepare poly (styrene sulfonic acid) (PSSA)/PVA membrane for catalyzing esterification although its role as a water absorber was not recognized. 19 Based on these results, we hypothesize that incorporating commercial s-CER in the matrix of PVA can provide a way to continuously remove the produced water from sulfonate sites of s-CER to PVA during esterification and therefore not only enhance the catalytic activity of s-CER but also reduce water separation steps in biodiesel production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Esterification of fatty acids from waste cooking oil to biodiesel over a sulfonated resin/PVA composite

Zhang

Gao

Zhao

et al. 2016

Catal. Sci. Technol.

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(2016) Esterification of fatty acids from waste cooking oil to biodiesel over a sulfonated resin/PVA composite. Catalysis Science and Technology, 2016 (6). pp. 5590-5598. ISSN 2044-4761 Access from the University of Nottingham repository: http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/33644/1/ZhangHL%20Catalysis%20Science %20%26%20Technology%202016%20online.pdf Copyright and reuse:The Nottingham ePrints service makes this work by researchers of the University of Nottingham available open access under the following conditions. This article is made available under the University of Nottingham End User licence and may be reused according to the conditions of the licence. For more details see: http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/end_user_agreement.pdf A note on versions:The version presented here may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the repository url above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription. Sulfonated cation exchange resins (s-CER) have been widely studied as a replacement of liquid acids for the catalysis of esterification of free fatty acids (FFAs) to produce biodiesel with water as the only by-product. However, the water produced has strong affinity to sulfonate groups in s-CER, which blocks the reactive sites for esterification and thus reduces the activity of the catalyst. To overcome this technical barrier, we have designed an s-CER/PVA composite by incorporating s-CER fines within a poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) matrix. PVA has much stronger absorption preference of water than s-CER and has very low selectivity for the reactants (FFAs and methanol), which enables the continuous removal of the produced water and liberation of reactive sulfonate sites in s-CER for catalysis. With s-CER/PVA, the FFAs conversion was increased from 80.1 % to 97.5 % after 8-hour reaction and the turnover frequency (TOF) was increased more than 3.3 times. The TOF of s-CER/PVA was also 2.6 times of that of sulfuric acid, suggesting that the water less, heterogeneous sulfonate sites are more reactive than water-blocked homogeneous ones. The reusability of the s-CER/PVA was also enhanced due to that the produced water that could cause deactivation of the s-CER was largely removed by PVA.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Esterification of fatty acids from waste cooking oil to biodiesel over a sulfonated resin/PVA composite

Zhang

Gao

Zhao

et al. 2016

Catal. Sci. Technol.

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“…Solvents are selected based on solubility parameters. We have used DMF, a suitable solvent with intermediate solubility parameter (24.7 MPa 1/2 ) [9] , for etching blends such as PMMA/poly(L-lactide) and the present system PMMA/HDPE. In both instances, PMMA, which has a solubility parameter of 22.7 MPa 1/2 [10] , is the selectively etched phase.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ formation of nano-scale PMMA network structures on the surface of immiscible polymer blends by solvent extraction and redeposition

Giancola

Lehman

2012

Journal of Polymer Engineering

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A continuous open structured network, with a high surface area, low solids fraction, and nano-scale domain morphology, was observed to grow from dissolved blend components on cold fractured surfaces of immiscible polymer blends, when reacted with dimethylformamide (DMF). In this work, we showed that the network is comprised of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), with a strong glassy character similar to or even in excess of conventional PMMA pellets used in the preparation process, in contrast to the amorphous but not glassy PMMA produced when similar materials were synthesized away from the PMMA host. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses confi rmed the chemical and physical character of the network. This general network formation phenomenon, which was initially observed in PMMA/high density poly ethylene (HDPE) blends produced by conventional extrusion, PMMA/HDPE blends compression molded from powder precursors, and subsequently on bulk PMMA, produces a unique structure that has potential applications as an interfacial modifi cation substance or as a functional material in biomaterials and catalysis.

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“…[3][4][5][6] Although the pervaporation principle was proposed in 1950, its commercial application as an energy-efficient alternative to conventional techniques has obtained importance only recently. 7 However, it has been studied extensively and is considered as a prospective industrial separation process for a wide variety of liquid mixtures such as azeotropic, close-boiling, heatsensitive and ultra-composition-asymmetric mixtures. In pervaporation, the liquid mixture to be separated is placed in contact with one side of the membrane and the penetrants are removed as vapour from the other side.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separation of bromine and water using polyurethane membranes with pervaporation technology

Tang

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2015

Materials Research Innovations

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In this study, pervaporation technology was employed to separate bromine-water mixtures with different flat membranes prepared with polyurethane. Owing to the swelling degree principles, type 6190x and type 6190y polyurethane membranes with 10 and 15% polyurethane concentrations were selected to be characterised in the subsequent quantitative pervaporation experiments. According to the experiment results and mathematical model established, the permeation flux and separation factor increased with an increasing feed concentration when the bromine concentration in the bromine-water was 100-400 mg L −1 . When it was 3-14 g L −1 , there was a slight increase in the permeation flux with an increasing feed concentration, but the separation factor increased first and then decreased with an increase of feed concentration. In addition, it showed that the 10% type 6190x polyurethane membrane had better comprehensive separation properties.

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Pervaporation separation of DMF from water using a crosslinked polyurethane urea-PMMA IPN membrane

Cited by 33 publications

References 19 publications

Esterification of fatty acids from waste cooking oil to biodiesel over a sulfonated resin/PVA composite

Esterification of fatty acids from waste cooking oil to biodiesel over a sulfonated resin/PVA composite

In situ formation of nano-scale PMMA network structures on the surface of immiscible polymer blends by solvent extraction and redeposition

Separation of bromine and water using polyurethane membranes with pervaporation technology

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