Peruvians’ sleep duration: analysis of a population-based survey on adolescents and adults

Abstract

Background. Sleep duration, either short or long, has been associated with diseases such as obesity, type-2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Characterizing the prevalence and patterns of sleep duration at the population-level, especially in resource-constrained settings, will provide informative evidence on a potentially modifiable risk factor. The aim of this study was to explore the patterns of sleep duration in the Peruvian adult and adolescent population, together with its socio-demographic profile.Material and Methods. A total of 12,424 subjects, mean age 35.8 years (SD ±17.7), 50.6% males, were included in the analysis. This is a cross-sectional study, secondary analysis of the Use of Time National Survey conducted in 2010. We used weighted means and proportions to describe sleep duration according to socio-demographic variables (area and region; sex; age; education attainment; asset index; martial and job status). We used Poisson regressions, taking into account the multistage sampling design of the survey, to calculate crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Main outcomes were short- (<6 h) and long-sleep duration (≥ 9 h).Results. On average, Peruvians slept 7.7 h (95% CI [7.4–8.0]) on weekdays and 8.0 h (95% CI [7.8–8.1]) during weekends. The proportions of short- and long-sleep, during weekdays, were 4.3% (95% CI [2.9%–6.3%]) and 22.4% (95% CI [14.9%–32.1%]), respectively. Regarding urban and rural areas, a much higher proportion of short-sleep was observed in the former (92.0% vs. 8.0%); both for weekdays and weekends. On the multivariable analysis, compared to regular-sleepers (≥ 6 to <9 h), short-sleepers were twice more likely to be older and to have higher educational status, and 50% more likely to be currently employed. Similarly, relative to regular-sleep, long-sleepers were more likely to have a lower socioeconomic status as per educational attainment.Conclusions. In this nationally representative sample, the sociodemographic profile of short-sleep contrasts the long-sleep. These scenarios in Peru, as depicted by sleeping duration, differ from patterns reported in other high-income settings and could serve as the basis to inform and to improve sleep habits in the population. Moreover, it seems important to address the higher frequency of short-sleep duration found in urban versus rural settings.

Prevalence of short and long sleep duration: Ravansar NonCommunicable Disease (RaNCD) cohort study

“…Living in rural areas, lower educational level, lower wealth score index were related to long sleep duration in our study. This finding is supported by previous studies in other populations, as poor socioeconomic status and lower educational levels were associated with long sleep duration [ 17 , 38 , 39 ]. There is a reverse association between sleep duration and waking activities, and more activities by those with better socioeconomic status and more educated people.…”

Independent and combined associations of sleep duration and sleep quality with common physical and mental disorders: Results from a multi-ethnic population-based study

“…As noted previously, sleep characteristics in general populations have been studied; typically by assessing sleep duration and quality as the outcomes [18][19][20][21]. Based on recommendations by the National Sleep Foundation, the age-appropriate sleep duration was suggested to be 7 to 9 hours for an healthy younger adult or adult with normal sleep, and 7 to 8 hours of sleep for an older adult [22].…”

Characterizing sleeping habits and disturbances among Saudi adults

“…Previous studies highlight that people around the world sleep differently. 6 , 7 These sleeping patterns were attributed to probably associated factors of which are ethnicity and culture. Several studies aimed to highlight the unique cultural factors that may be associated with constructing the Saudi population sleeping pattern architecture.…”