Peru – Progress in health and sciences in 200 years of independence

Carrillo‐Larco, Rodrigo M.; Guzman‐Vilca, Wilmer Cristobal; León‐Velarde, Fabiola; Bernabé‐Ortiz, Antonio; Jimenez, Michelle; Penny, Mary E.; Gianella, Camila; Leguía, Mariana; Tsukayama, Pablo; Hartinger, Stella M.; Lescano, Andrés G.; Cuba-Fuentes, María Sofia; Cutipé, Yuri; Diez-Canseco, Francisco; Mendoza, Walter; Ugarte-Gil, César; Valdivia-Gago, Andrea; Zavaleta, Carol; Miranda, J. Jaime

doi:10.1016/j.lana.2021.100148

Cited by 36 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…The initial negative and positive associations of local authorities and health workers with some self-protective measures among Indigenous peoples and mestizos, respectively, are consistent with a general sense of mistrust of the government that prevails among Indigenous peoples [36,[50][51][52][53]. At the initial stage of the pandemic, under enormous uncertainty, Indigenous peoples may have felt that adopting novel social distancing measures following these formal interpersonal sources could hurt rather than help them, as experienced elsewhere with the Ebola virus [21].…”

Section: Associations Of Information Sources With Self-protective Beh...mentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Third, whether formal interpersonal sources (e.g., local authorities, health workers) can serve as effective intermediaries between the government and people in rural communities depends on people's level of trust in government. For populations with weak trust in the government such as Indigenous peoples in Peru [36,[50][51][52][53], formal interpersonal sources such as health workers can be problematic. When government responses to pandemics are ineffective, this problem may worsen over time as institutional trust deteriorates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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COVID-19 information and self-protective behaviors among rural communities in tropical forests

2022

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Background Health risk communication plays a key role in promoting self-protective measures, which are critical in suppressing COVID-19 contagion. Relatively little is known about the communication channels used by rural poor populations to learn novel measures and their effectiveness in promoting self-protective behaviors. Behavioral change can be shaped by people’s trust in government institutions which may be differentiated by social identity, including indigeneity. Methods During an early phase of the pandemic, we conducted two telephone surveys with over 460 communities – both Indigenous and mestizo – without road access and limited communication access in the Peruvian Amazon. This is the first report on the association of information sources about self-protective measures against COVID-19 with the adoption of self-protective behaviors in remote rural areas in developing countries. Results People mainly relied on mass media (radio, television, newspapers) and interpersonal sources (local authorities, health workers, neighbors/relatives) for information and adopted handwashing, mask-wearing, social distancing, and social restrictions to varying degrees. Overall, self-protective behaviors were largely positively and negatively associated with mass media and interpersonal sources, respectively, depending on the source-measure combination. Mistrust of the government seems to have shaped how Indigenous and mestizo peoples distinctively responded to interpersonal information sources and relied on mass media. Conclusions Our findings call for improved media access to better manage pandemics in rural areas, especially among remote Indigenous communities.

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Section: Associations Of Information Sources With Self-protective Beh...mentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 information and self-protective behaviors among rural communities in tropical forests

2022

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“…These developed areas are more globalized, and its residents live in an obesogenic environment [ 28 ]. Despite the improvements of the economy and health indicators, inequality in access to health care persists [ 48 ]. In 2020, 97% of the 8783 primary care centers throughout the nation had inadequate infrastructure or resources to meet the needs of the population [ 49 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Drives Abdominal Obesity in Peru? A Multilevel Analysis Approach Using a Nationally Representative Survey

Hernández-Vasquéz

Olazo-Cárdenas

Visconti-Lopez

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Abdominal obesity (AO) is a serious public health threat due to its increasing prevalence and effect on the development of various non-communicable diseases. A multilevel analysis of the 2019 Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES in Spanish) using the Latin American Diabetes Association (ALAD in Spanish) cut-off points was carried out to evaluate the individual and contextual factors associated with AO in Peru. A total of 30,585 individuals 18 years and older were included in the analysis. The prevalence of AO among Peruvians in 2019 was 56.5%. Individuals of older age (aOR 4.64; 95% CI: 3.95–5.45), women (aOR 2.74; 95% CI: 2.33–3.23), individuals with a higher wealth index (aOR 2.81; 95% CI: 2.40–3.30) and having only secondary education (aOR 1.45; 95% CI: 1.21–1.75) showed increased odds of presenting AO compared to their peers. At a contextual level, only the Human Development Index (aOR 1.59; 95% CI: 1.17–2.16) was associated with the development of AO. A high Human Development Index is the contextual factor most associated with AO. It is necessary to formulate and implement new public health policies focused on these associated factors in order to reduce the prevalence of OA and prevent the excessive burden of associated noncommunicable diseases.

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“…In the specific case of Peru, inequality has been associated with several factors, including migration, poverty, and centralism (i.e., centralization of health and economic resources in large cities such as Lima, with the concurrent decrease in health or educational services in the periphery of the city and rural areas) [25,26]. These factors impact the social determinants of health across the territory and act in combination with a lack of effective public health policies and programs [25,27].…”

Section: Introduction 38mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Sociodemographic Features and Lifestyle on Cognitive Performance of Peruvian Adults

Vilca

Zegarra-Valdivia

Frutos-Lucas

et al. 2022

JAD

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Background: Cognitive impairment and dementia may result from a combination of modifiable and nonmodifiable risk and protective factors, such as the environment, educational attainment, time devoted to cognitively stimulating activities, and physical activity. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle factors in the years of education and cognitive performance in Peruvian adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 1,478 subjects assessed by Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination Revised (ACE-R). Using mediation models, we evaluated the mediation role of parents’ educational level, reading time (RT), and physical activity time (PAT) in the years of education (IYE) and cognitive performance. Results: People who reported having lived in an urban area during their childhood are estimated to have, on average, 2.085 years more formal education than those who lived in rural areas. In addition, 49% of cognitive performance scores are explained by the mediation effect of reading and physical activity time in the IYE. This implies that higher levels of education, mediated by RT and PAT per week, are 1.596 units associated with higher scores on the ACE-R. Conclusion: Despite the fact that nonmodifiable factors (i.e., childhood residence area, parents’ educational level) seem to exert an effect on older adults’ cognition, their influence is mediated by other factors that are indeed modifiable (i.e., reading time, physical activity engagement). In this sense, lifestyle changes could help prevent or decrease the risk of cognitive impairment and reduce the disease’s impact on vulnerable environments in Latin American and Caribbean countries.

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Peru – Progress in health and sciences in 200 years of independence

Cited by 36 publications

References 96 publications

COVID-19 information and self-protective behaviors among rural communities in tropical forests

COVID-19 information and self-protective behaviors among rural communities in tropical forests

What Drives Abdominal Obesity in Peru? A Multilevel Analysis Approach Using a Nationally Representative Survey

Impact of Sociodemographic Features and Lifestyle on Cognitive Performance of Peruvian Adults

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