Pertussis Vaccine Prepared with Phase-I Cultures Grown in Fluid Medium

Cohen, Sophia M.; Wheeler, M.

doi:10.2105/ajph.36.4.371

Cited by 126 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…pertussis were subcultured three times within a week on charcoal-blood-agar, the third culture was suspended in the basal medium of Cohen & Wheeler (1946), and its bacterial content was estimated by opacity (see above). An inoculum of 0-1 ml., containing 214 Pertussis infection in the marmoset ca.…”

Section: Marmosetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental pertussis infection in the marmoset: type specificity of active immunity

Stanbridge

Preston

1974

J. Hyg.

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SUMNMARYAlthough we have failed to produce either paroxysmal cough or vomiting in rhesus monkeys, cynomolgus monkeys and marmosets, we have found in marmosets several features of pertussis infection similar to those seen in children with whooping cough: catarrh, persistence of colonization of the naso-pharynx with Bordetella pertussis for 4-11 weeks, change of serotype during colonization and inability of type 1 organisms to establish themselves as the predominant serotype.As in children, we have found that intramuscular vaccine of type 1,2,3 was more effective than type 1,2 in preventing persistent infection with the currently prevalent serotypes 1,2,3 and 1,3. A mixed vaccine (1,2,3 and 1,3) seemed to produce agglutinin 3 in the serum more consistently than a pure type 1,2,3 vaccine. The duration of colonization, after naso-pharyngeal challenge, was greatly reduced in animals with agglutinin 3.Local immunity, resulting from previous infection, was even more effective than a good vaccine in preventing subsequent persistent colonization. Marmosets may be useful in studying the possible development of aerosol pertussis vaccine for human use.

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Section: Marmosetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental pertussis infection in the marmoset: type specificity of active immunity

Stanbridge

Preston

1974

J. Hyg.

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“…Test (Cohen & Wheeler, 1946), the cultures killed with neutral formalin (Cruickshank et al 1975 Blaskett, 1979), and includes 310 more isolates examined during 1978-85. Of these, 224 were typed in our laboratory, 44 (isolated 1981-2) by Dr N. Preston, Manchester for Dr M. Gapes, Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children, Camperdown, NSW (Gapes, 1984) and 42 (isolated 1984-5) by Dr Gapes herself (personal communication, 1985).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunogenicity of specificBordetella pertussissurface antigens in diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccines

Blaskett¹,

Cox²

1988

Epidemiol. Infect.

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SUMMARYThe predominant causative organism of whooping cough in Australia is of a serotype which has normally been associated overseas with unvaccinated communities. Australian DTP vaccines pass the statutory mouse test for Bordetella pertussis potency but this test is now believed to be relatively insensitive to certain factors, especially the major type-specific agglutinogens, which are presumably also important in the human host-parasite relationship. Because endemic B. bronchiseptica infections make some laboratory animals unsatisfactory for testing B. pertussis agglutinin responses, we have developed a test in which young farm sheep were immunized with vaccines. Type-specific agglutinins in their sera were assayed after absorption of non-specific agglutinins by suspensions of selected bordetella strains. Three well-reputed European DTP vaccines and two recent batches of Australian DTP vaccine were tested and compared thus. All evoked significant agglutinin responses to the main agglutinogens.

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“…353 in 0 04 ml., instilled intranasally under light anaesthesia, producing a sublethal lung infection in which the bacterial count increased up to about the 8th day and then decreased (Dolby, Thow & Standfast, 1961 The solid medium was made from Cohen & Wheeler (1946) liquid medium, modified by the use of 0 1 % casein hydrolysate acid (Oxoid), 0 5% glutamic acid, 5 % blood and 1 3 % New Zeland agar.…”

Section: Sublethal Intranasal Challengementioning

confidence: 99%

Passive protection of mice against intracerebral infections with Bordetella pertussis

Dolby

1972

Epidemiol. Infect.

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SUMMARYThe passive protection of mice against an intracerebral infection with Bordetella pertussis, by antiserum introduced directly into the brain with the infecting organisms, was compared with the protection afforded by intraperitoneal antiserum. The antibody effective by the intracerebral route is that which is adsorbed onto the infecting organisms, although it does not affect the viability of the organisms in vitro in the absence of complement.Passive protection against organisms introduced intracerebrally takes place in one of two ways, depending on the size of the challenge: (1) after 3-4 days' growth, the growth rate declines so that the number of organisms does not reach the figure lethal for the mouse; (2) the organisms do not appear to multiply, as their numbers decline from the moment of injection, so that the brain is sterile after 2 days.Many of the mice protected against a challenge of 50,000 organisms (ca. 100 LD 50) by intraperitoneal or intracerebral antiserum recover by the first mechanism. The second mechanism operates after a smaller challenge of 5000 organisms (ca. 10 LD 50), irrespective of whether the antiserum is given intracerebrally with the challenge, or intraperitoneally within several hours of challenge. Too much antiserum given intracerebrally with a 50,000 challenge, but not with a 5000 challenge, inhibits protection.In some mice, virulent antibody-treated organisms which have not been killed, grow very slowly over a long period, but are eventually eliminated from the brain.

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Pertussis Vaccine Prepared with Phase-I Cultures Grown in Fluid Medium

Cited by 126 publications

References 4 publications

Experimental pertussis infection in the marmoset: type specificity of active immunity

Experimental pertussis infection in the marmoset: type specificity of active immunity

Immunogenicity of specificBordetella pertussissurface antigens in diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccines

Passive protection of mice against intracerebral infections with Bordetella pertussis

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