Perturbations in the Orbits of Artificial Satellites Caused by Air Resistance

Twentieth-century milestones in the history of the Russian ephemeris service: Marking 100 years of the Calculation Institute and astronomical yearbook

“…Together with Yu. V. Batrakov in 1956 and 1957, he developed an analytical theory of an artificial Earth satellite's motion, 13,14 and after the satellite had been launched, he processed the observations and determined the elements of its orbit proceeding from his theory. In 1962, he published the second part of his Ceres motion study which included formulas to calculate the second-order perturbations from Saturn in the motion of Ceres.…”

“…This work began in 1956 and was completed before the launch of the AES, but it was published only 2 years later for reasons of secrecy. 13,14 The forthcoming AES optical observations had to be processed, therefore ITA created a team of calculators with Samuil Grigorievich Makover in charge, who were sent to work in the Moscow Sternberg State Astronomical Institute (GAISh) where they received teletype messages about observations of the AES, corrected the orbit based on the data received, and sent the results to the Space Mission Control Center. The team returned to Leningrad after several months of this work, when the technique of correcting the orbit was mastered by everyone.…”