Perturbation of heart rate variability in cattle fed BSE‐infected material

Pomfrett, C.J.D.; Glover, David G.; Bollen, Bieke; Pollard, B. J.

doi:10.1136/vr.154.22.687

Cited by 29 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Different types of Holter recorders (Konold et al, 2011) and fixed (Little et al, 1996;Pomfrett et al, 2004) or telemetric systems (Lefcourt et al, 1999) as well as portable HR monitors have been used to investigate HR and HRV in dairy cattle ( Table 1). The latter ones were originally developed for human athletes and sport medicine research (von Borell et al, 2007b) but these models do not record and store the whole electrocardiogram, only the interbeat intervals (IBIs) (Hopster and Blokhuis, 1994).…”

Section: Methods Of Measurement and Analysis Of Hr And Hrv In Dairy Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Pathological Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In dairy cattle, an increasing number of studies used parameters of HRV to indicate stress caused by diseases (Mohr et al, 2002;Pomfrett et al, 2004;Konold et al, 2011), milking (Hagen et al, 2005;Neuffer, 2006;Gygax et al, 2008;Kovács et al, 2012b) and painful procedures in calf rearing (Stewart et al, 2008a(Stewart et al, and 2008b(Stewart et al, and 2010.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research demonstrated a significant shift in the activity of the autonomic nervous system reflected in HRV in relation with certain infectious diseases. Studies detected the predominance of the vagal tone experiencing the radical increase of RMSSD (Pomfrett et al, 2004) or HF power (Little et al, 1996), whereas others described bradycardia (Winter et al, 1989;Austin et al, 1997) in cows positive for bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE).In contrast, there was a study that did not find any disease-related changes in HRV (Konold et al, 2011), which suggests that the BSE agent has an effect on the dysfunctions of both the sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous system at the same time.Results in calves indicated a loss of complexity in HRV in response to pathological load (Mohr et al, 2002). All nonlinear parameters calculated with RQA were significantly higher in calves infected with bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD) compared with healthy calves.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Welfare implication of measuring heart rate and heart rate variability in dairy cattle: literature review and conclusions for future research

Kovács

Jurkovich

Bakony³

et al. 2014

Animal

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Heart rate (HR) measurements have been used to determine stress in livestock species since the beginning of the 1970s. However, according to the latest studies in veterinary and behaviour-physiological sciences, heart rate variability (HRV) proved to be more precise for studying the activity of the autonomic nervous system. In dairy cattle, HR and HRV indices have been used to detect stress caused by routine management practices, pain or milking. This review provides the significance of HR and HRV measurements in dairy cattle by summarising current knowledge and research results in this area. First, the biological background and the interrelation of the autonomic regulation of cardiovascular function, stress, HR and HRV are discussed. Equipment and methodological approaches developed to measure interbeat intervals and estimate HRV in dairy cattle are described. The methods of HRV analysis in time, frequency and non-linear domains are also explained in detail emphasising their physiological background. Finally, the most important scientific results and potential possibilities for future research are presented.Keywords: heart rate, heart rate variability, stress, welfare, dairy cattle ImplicationsHousing and milking technology, health status and way of handling of animals influence the well-being of animals in intensive dairy farming. Non-invasive methods of assessing stress include heart rate and heart rate variability measurements that involve the monitoring of the autonomic nervous function by digital, high frequency, 24 h multi-channel electrocardiographic recorders. As high-producing cattle breeds are very sensitive to environmental factors, monitoring and decreasing stress is of major importance in terms of both animal welfare and production. IntroductionIn intensive dairy farming, housing and milking systems are main factors in determining the welfare of animals, as adaptation to environmental changes can be challenging for high-producing breeds.Important aspects in the improvement of dairy cattle management systems in respect of animal welfare are the recognition and evaluation of stress. The stressfulness of the technological environment has been examined in many different contexts. Certain welfare studies proved that for intensively farmed cattle, the milking technology (Rushen et al., 2001;Wenzel et al., 2003), fear from given routine treatments (Holst, 1998) and pain (Broom, 1991;Mellor et al., 2000) mean such load that may cause stress (Dantzer and Mormède, 1983;von Borell, 2001) having a negative impact also on milk production (Rushen et al., 2001). Effects of technology and of social interactions can be described not only by classical descriptive behavioural observations (e.g. Milmann, 2013;Theurer et al., 2013), but with physiological measures as well (Hopster and Blokhuis, 1994;Rietmann et al., 2004). Most dairy cattle studies have focused on the stress reactions of animals expressed in neuroendocrine changes that are considered to be reliable indicators of stress and pain in livestock species (...

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Section: Methods Of Measurement and Analysis Of Hr And Hrv In Dairy Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Pathological Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Welfare implication of measuring heart rate and heart rate variability in dairy cattle: literature review and conclusions for future research

Kovács

Jurkovich

Bakony³

et al. 2014

Animal

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“…The test is simple in that an ECG monitor and a simple breathing monitor is fitted to the animal and the full test can be carried out within minutes. More recently, Pomfrett et al [85] investigated autonomic nervous system activity by analysis of low-and high-frequency heart rate variability (HRV) in control cattle and cattle challenged with either 1 g or 100 g of BSE infected material. They reported a significant difference in the level of high-frequency HRV between control cattle and cattle dosed with 1 g or 100 g of BSE-infected brain material.…”

Section: Electrophysiological Markers and Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of non-prion biomarkers for the diagnosis of Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies in the live animal

Parveen

Moorby²,

Allison³

et al. 2005

Vet. Res.

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-Scrapie and bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) are major global concerns and the emergence of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) has caused turmoil for blood transfusion services and hospitals worldwide. Recent reports of iatrogenic CJD (iCJD) cases following blood transfusions from Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSE)-infected donors have fuelled this concern. Major diagnostic tests for BSE and scrapie are conducted post-mortem from animals in late stages of the disease. Although the lymphoreticular system is involved in the earlier pathogenesis of some forms of sheep scrapie and vCJD, which presents great opportunity for diagnostic development, other TSE diseases (some strains of scrapie, sporadic CJD (sCJD) and bovine BSE) do not present such a diagnostic opportunity. Thus, there is an urgent need for premortem tests that differentiate between healthy and diseased individuals at early stages of illness, in accessible samples such as blood and urine using less invasive procedures. This review reports on the current state of progress in the development and use of prion and non-prion biomarkers in the diagnosis of TSE diseases. Some of these efforts have concentrated on improving the sensitivity of PrP Sc detection to allow in vivo diagnosis at low abundances of PrP Sc whilst others have sought to identify non-prion protein biomarkers of TSE disease, many of which are still at early stages of development. In this review we comment upon the limitations of prion based tests and review current research on the development of tests for TSE that rely on non-prion disease markers in body fluids that may allow preclinical disease diagnosis.

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Prion protein as a mediator of neurocardiosympathetic interactions

et al. 2012

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A proteomic approach to study cardiovascular disease includes the examination of proteins associated with risk factors such as left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). PrP(C) is a host-coded membrane-bound glycoprotein found in most cell types, including myocardium, and whose physiological function is uncertain. We have taken a selective proteomic approach and performed mechanistic studies to determine whether PrP(C) levels are related to left ventricular (LV) structure or function. Echocardiograms were performed at baseline in 65 mice comprising three strains of the same C57Bl/6J × 129SV genetic background but expressing different levels of PrP(C) (wild-type mice (WT), PrP(-/-) , and PrP(C) over-expressing transgenic mice (tga20)). There were no significant differences in LV mass or LV ejection fraction between the three groups. Either normal saline (n = 60) or isoproterenol (n = 55) was then administered intraperitoneally (50 mg/kg/day) for 5 days/wk for two consecutive weeks to induce LVH. Body weight decreased significantly in the PrP(-/-) group (18%). On multivariate analysis, higher LV mass index posttreatment was independently associated with the tga20 group (versus PrP(-/-) versus WT, p = 0.002) after adjusting for treatment (isoproterenol versus saline), and weight change (r(2) = 0.13 for model, p = 0.016). Therefore, PrP(C) appears unrelated to LV mass and function in the basal state. Isoproterenol causes transient enhancement of PrP(C) expression in WT mice and a more pronounced increase in tga20 mice at 2 h posttreatment. Overexpression of PrP(C) in the tga20 group may be associated with higher LV mass after a 2 wk regimen of isoproterenol.

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Perturbation of heart rate variability in cattle fed BSE‐infected material

Cited by 29 publications

References 14 publications

Welfare implication of measuring heart rate and heart rate variability in dairy cattle: literature review and conclusions for future research

Welfare implication of measuring heart rate and heart rate variability in dairy cattle: literature review and conclusions for future research

The use of non-prion biomarkers for the diagnosis of Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies in the live animal

Prion protein as a mediator of neurocardiosympathetic interactions

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