Persulfate activation during exertion of total oxidant demand

Comparative study on sulfamethoxazole degradation by Fenton and Fe(ii)-activated persulfate process

“…This could be attributed to the activation of persulfate by organic matters in wastewater. 38 The cost evaluation of Fenton and persulfate processes was simply made. The price of hydrogen peroxide, persulfate and ferrous sulfate (heptahydrate) was 1.06 V per g, 0.28 V per g and 0.15 V per g, respectively (based on the price obtained from Sigma Aldrich company).…”

Determination of Instinct Components of Biomass on the Generation of Persistent Free Radicals (PFRs) as Critical Redox Sites in Pyrogenic Chars for Persulfate Activation

“…•− ) or highly active complexes, exhibiting the higher reactivity toward organic contaminants (e.g., halogenated/phenolic compounds) than the PS itself. 4−6 When injecting into the contaminated zone, the minerals (i.e., transition metals or their oxides) 7,8 or organic matters (i.e., quinones) 9,10 in aquifers could activate PS. However, their relatively low environmental concentrations limit the actual remediation efficiency.…”

“…Persulfate (i.e., peroxydisulfate, PS) has been widely used as an oxidant during the treatment of contaminated water. , Application of PS in the field remediation possesses some benefits, including the high stability during storage and transportation and low cost ($ 0.74/kg) . Catalyzed cleavage of peroxide bond in PS produces plentiful free radicals (e.g., • OH and SO 4 •– ) or highly active complexes, exhibiting the higher reactivity toward organic contaminants (e.g., halogenated/phenolic compounds) than the PS itself. − When injecting into the contaminated zone, the minerals (i.e., transition metals or their oxides) , or organic matters (i.e., quinones) , in aquifers could activate PS. However, their relatively low environmental concentrations limit the actual remediation efficiency .…”

Use of an automated respirometer for in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) activator type and concentration selection

“…hydroxyl), sulphate can target many organic substances due to single electron transfer as the preferred pathway (Ahmad et al 2013;Huang et al 2005;Waclawek 2021). In other words, during the application of ISCO, OM naturally present in soils will also degrade alongside the organic pollutants (Haselow et al 2003;Teel et al 2016). Non-spiked sand by comparison to non-spiked soil produced very little CO 2 with SPS (Fig.…”

“…Established activation methods include UV light, heat, activated carbon, alkaline conditions, and transition metals (mainly Fe 2+ ) (Devi et al 2016;Zhou et al 2018). Metals and organic matter (OM) components (the latter including phenols and quinones) naturally present in soils can catalyse the oxidative reaction of persulphate (Ahmad et al 2013;Fang et al 2013;Teel et al 2016). One perceived drawback of persulphate in development projects in the UK is where there are concerns over the introduction of sulphate on the integrity of concrete.…”