“…•− ) could be effectively generated via activating PS, including peroxymonosulfate (PMS, HSO 5 − ) and peroxydisulfate (PDS, S 2 O 8 2− ), with the assistance of external energies (e.g., heat, 15−17 plasma, 18 light, 19−23 electricity, 24,25 microwave, 26,27 and ultrasound 28,29 ) and/or homogeneous 30 /heterogeneous 4,31 catalysts (e.g., metal 32,33 (such as Fe, 34−40 Co, 3,41,42 Cu, 43 Mn, 44 and Mo 45 )-based, carbon 46−51 (such as graphene, 52 carbon nanotube, 52,53 and char 54,55 )-based, and metal−carbon hybrid 56 -based). Lin et al 57 indicated that SO 4…”